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Vol. X Vox Box JUNE, 1937 UNITED COLLEGES WINNIPEG, MANITOBA WINNIPEG, ~BA No.4 EVERYTHING FOR THE STUDENT • Whether it is a pencil, a notebook, or a textbook, the Book Department is ready to supply your class-room wants. This department is operated by the University for the college students of Winnipeg. Prices are kept at the minimum. • Have you seen the new model Zipper Notebooks with "eye ease" paper? They are the student sensation of the year. The Book Department's exclusive loose leaf notebooks all have the new paper. • Remember - prices are always the lowest possible. UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA ·BOOK DEPARTMENT TWO STORES: Broadway Bldg., Winnipeg Arts Bldg., Fort Carry "VOX" EDITORIAL BOARD 1936-37 • Honorary President .:. -:-._._,_._ _ A. R. M. LOWER, M.A., Ph.D. Editor-in-Chief·...._ _"'-'•.:._.;...._..__._..__ __._..CHARLES MACKENZIE, '37 Associate Editor _ _ -"_. .._.~ ROBERT J. LEIGHTON, Theo. WILLIAM A. MCKAY .. MARGARET MCCULLOCH, '37 Bu IIetm· .Board Edl'ot rs .•,:.•__ Alumni Editor _..'-._ _._._ _A. D. LONGMAN, B.A. Business Manager _._..~ _._ _._._._, _.AUSTIN GAMBLE, '37 Circulation Manager _.._ .._._ _ _R. W. BUNDY, '37 Class Representatives '37 HELEN JOHNSTONE '39 JEAN LAVENDER '38 DOUGLAS IRWIN '40 JAMES DOW Matriculation-EARLE BEATTIE VOL. X JUNE,1937 CONTENTS No.4 PAGB Editorial . .__. . ..-"c~_. c. c__._.________________________ 3 J azz ._~ . ~ ._- : ._____ 7 Poetry .__. : . . ._.. ._______________________ 11 A Step Towards Canadian Nationalism __. . ~ .__ 1~ Has Labor a National Boundary? . . .. . . 13 Nonsense in English Verse .__.__.__.;... . ._____ 17 Sir James Matthew Barrie, a.M. _. ._.. ._c • •• 23 Conferring of Degrees in Theology ._. . c 28 And So He Entered Law .__. . . 30 Face Reading in the Library . ~ . . .__..__ 50 Alumni Alumnaeque _..__. . ... .__. .____________ 63 THE PIER-GIMLI, MAN. -...:==-: -~ ---- -.-:. --------_-.--- _... - -.----,:--,-----~.;.--- _!:~~=- -: ;;;: ~ '" :5:'E.::..:: ----=;..:o.. e _=-:_.".~ ~ -... - -"'"- IJ, ...._-_. _ ~ --- -_. .:::::::..-.:..---- "'-=-~~I __- - MARGARET MCCULLOCH, '37. editorial OPPORTUNITIES AND WALNUTS The late Sir James M. Barrie, in his address upon being made a burgess of Dumfries, spoke of the Spanish proverb: "God gives us walnuts when we have no .teeth to crack them." This, he said, is only a half truth; and gave as another definition of genius, "To know how best to crack your walnuts." There is a great deal behind this thought. Many things are given to men who can make use of them -who have not the wherewithal to develop their gifts. The man of genius who has no teeth with which to crack his walnuts, improvises a nut-cracker; and opens them so as to get the most out of them. Joseph Conrad came to England at the age of twenty-four, a young Pole, knowing not a word of English. Today he remains as one of the greatest stylists in the whole range of English prose literature, which is as much as to say, in the whole world's literary scope. Conrad had a walnut that was difficult to crack, but his genius overcame his obstacles gloriously. From Barrie's interpretation of the proverb we get the thought: God has done his part in providing the opportunity; the rest is for man. * * * * THE UNIVERSITY STUDENT AND THE WORLD IT IS about this time of year that many university students begin to give serious thought to their future. Behind, them lie the years of preparation, for the most part happy and carefree; before them stretches the world, appalling in its immensity, as contrasted with their comparative insignificance. It has observed that a University education has unsettling effects; that it arouses within its possessor desires for the finer things of life, and a great aversion to mediocrity. It is the fear of many that the years of their college course have been wasted, in that they might have been better spent in gaining the practical experience of men and affairs which can only come from practical contact with the world. But the abstract benefits of a college course are immeasurable in their value. The "trained mind" of the college man is becoming more and more necessary to success in the world of business. Aside from this argument, there is the satisfaction derived from university training by those who regard education as an end in itself, and not merely as a means to an end. It is an unsympathetic outlook which the average university graduate must face as he steps out into this world. He is popularly supposed-perhaps, in some cases, with justification-to be con- [3] ceited out of all proportion to his attainments; he is generally filled with high ideals, and imbued with the spirit of supreme self-confidence. Yet who can blame him for this attitude? In the words of Lord Birkenhead, "the world still continues to offer glittering prizes to those who have stout hearts and sharp swords"-words that have been decried by pacifists and reformers, but which are nevertheless true and will be so while human nature is what it is. Life has been compared variously to a pilgrimage, a voyage,' and a battle; and each of these comparisons implies difficulties with which to contend, obstacles to surmount. It is the man with the stout heart and the sharp sword who will emerge triumphant, for it is in the conquering of trials and misfortunes that character is formed. CONTRIBUTORS CHESTER DUNCAN, '34 WILLIAM McKAY, Theo. IAN D. SINCLAIR, '37 MORTON PARKER, '40 CLARENCE JOHNSON '38 ELSIE COUSINS ALL SUB-COMMITTEE HEADS All photographs supplied through the courtesy of Harold B. Stringer, Editor-in-Chief of "Brown and Gold." [4J VAILEIDllCllOI~Y VALEDICTORY Delivered by Ian D. Sinclair to the Graduating Arts on the occasion ofthe Annual Dinner, Royal Alexandra Hotel, Friday, March 19, 1937. Graduating Class Mr. President, Members of the Faculty, Ladies and Gentlemen. FIRST, I would like to thank the members of my class who have chosen me Valedictorian: Upon me has been conferred a great honor and it will be my purpose to attempt to express in some measure the thoughts of uswho are about to say "farewell." To say that we leave with regret is merely expressing a selfevident fact. Wesley has become a very real part of our lives. YO\! can understand our difficulty in saying "good-bye." However, we may perhaps be allowed to take some measure of comfort from the reflection that we have memories of the every day meetings in hall and classroom, class functions, stunt nights, athletics, which we shall always carry with us and which will become more treasured and more significant as time passes. Class '37, as you all know, is a remarkable class. So remarkable that it has succeeded on a number of occasions of becoming "front page" news. But this I would like you to know, if among us there are those who balance books upon their heads, there are also those who balance books within their heads. Moreover, if among our members there exist people with elements of superficiality who dash headlong into the forming of clubs and associations they, as is their due, have received the praise and publicity of the press and at the same time the just condemnation of the saner element of '37. . To those of you who are remaining, may I say this-among your number are many whom we look upon as our closest friends, and if Wesley had done nothing more than to have made our acquaintance into a friendship it would have accomplished something which seems to us to be "great." We know that our friendship will continue because we have a common interest in the more worthwhile things of life. To the men and women under whose guidance and direction we have been, may we express our most profound thanks for their r 5] interest and their encouragement. And we wish them to know their sacrifices have been appreciated, realizing as we do that on many instances we have encroached upon their private time and the pursuit of their private interests. One of the most unfortunate things in our eyes incident to our graduation is that our association with these most learned and respected citizens will through necessity be less intimate. Four years ago we entered Wesley College in a manner best described as tentative and experimental. In a short time we will leave having been cautiously, gradually and intelligently developed. We have learned many things at Wesley-many things. But two seem to be outstanding. First-We have come to recognize that our fundamental responsibility is the correct functioning of our judgments. Weare prepared to accept that responsibility and we hold it unnecessary to continually point out to intelligent men and women where, to whom, and in what their duties lie. Secondly-We have acquired an increased reverence for truth and reality and have made of these our touchstones of worthiness. In the light of this conception, we view with disdain the utterances of certain world figures in politics and finance who have as their primary purpose the aggrandisement of narrow interests. We are searching for ideals and aspirations which become harmonious and intimate by their appeal to common sense. This I believe to be the attitude and purpose of '37. We have succeeded in laying a foundation. The solidness of that foundation is in many cases due to those who sit to my right and to my left. And we trust that the structure which we will build will reflect with credit on the institution and its members with whom we have had the honor and privilege of a four-year association. Our lives, our thoughts, our personalities are deeper and richer due to the influence of United Colleges. The co-operation, the understanding, which we have had, has become the root and the fruit of an abiding friendship. [6] JAZZ By CHESTER DUNCAN I AM the last person who should be writing an article on jazzl Its mumbo-jumbo seriousness, which I have always suspected, is unexampled. I have never been a member of a jazz orchestra. I have never felt myself exhilarated, lifted, by a brilliant "lick" on the trumpet or an extravagant piano "break." I do not participate in the strange happiness which the jazz-be shares with no other human being. But then, mystic pleasures generally pass me by. Yet scoffing at jazz is like scoffing at the moon. It exists, it moves, it always has a comeback; it is as sacrosanct as the Oxford Group and a good deal more powerful. It vanishes like dandelion before the sickle of highbrow criticism and bobs up in a hundred other places to mock the mower. All of which probably shows that there is a lot more to this jazz business than the "average music-lover" cares to think about, except when he has had dreams. J. B. Priestley says in "They Walk in the City": "If the future historian of our age does not devote a section of his work -to the consideration of these dance tunes, he will not know his business. . . . Strictly considered as pieces of music they are contemptible (the orthodoxy of the average writer's views on music is really charming) . . . but their influence upon human destinies must be so staggeringly vast that no contemporary mind could estimate it." Can anyone doubt it? Jazz rhythms, ideas, philosophy seriously affect, some would say infect, our lives. Every day and night hundreds of thousands of radios and gramaphones all over the world are blaring out their message. Even on the street it is hard to escape them. We eat and drink them in our advertisements. The movies are full of them and we are full of the movies. They are affecting our literature. I am not condemning all this, at least yet. I am merely saying that jazz must be considered as one of the most powerful influences on the life of this age. It remains to say whether it is a salutary or a degrading one. That will be easier to decide after closer examination. What is jazz? Like most other things one gets angry about, it has never been satisfactorily defined. I am certainly not going to be enticed into defining it here. The best I can do is to say a little about its more striking features. First of all, what are the origins of jazz? Well, it must be obvious to everyone that it has a very definite connection with this continent. Ragtime, for a long time a phenomenon of the United States, was first played by jazz bands of negroid per- [7] sonnel. This' has prompted sentimentalists to find the orrgm of jazz in the primeval, or perhaps just evil, depths of the African forests. Anything which by its vulgarity and sensuality could be proved to have a connection with the oldest continent was, of course, le dernier eri in the twentieth century's search for the primitive and elemental. That the negro, after a couple of centuries on American soil was a vastly different creature from his ancestor, was a fact completely ignored. Constant Lambert, in an article in the Listener, quoted Paul Morand on this point. Morand was occupied for some time in discovering the tastes in music of various types of African negro. He invariably found that although the natives became visibly excited when they heard Stravinsky or Russian folksongs, which are full of the most complicated rhythmical devices) they took no interest in recordings of jazz music, which is rhythmically relatively simple. And when we remember that one of the most important things in jazz is harmony and that Dr. von Hornbostel, in the whole of his researches on African music, found only one example of harmony in our Western sense and that was in a comic song about the local missionary, where the natives put in chords at the end to parody the lugubrious effect of his harmonium, any vital connection between the two becomes impossible. The film, "Sanders of the River," with its alternating authenticity (tom-toms, war-dance recitatives, and scenery ( and its counterfeit (half-jazz ballads, philosophy, and Paul Robeson) is an object lesson in Eastern and Western method. In the very first jazz songs a predilection for "juicy" harmony is evident. This can not at this early stage be considered, as do some critics, as the negro composer's awareness of contemporary European trends. 'Indeed in many cases in their untutored way they actually anticipated certain European developments. The early spiritual and blues, whose rich harmonies recalled the negro's beloved nineteenth gospel hymns, were original creations fated to make their mark on European composition. Brahms, of all people, was fascinated by this music and to Debussy and Ravel its impressions seemed fit to print. Delius, who was in his youth a planter in Florida, never forgot the songs he heard there in the cool evenings. It was only later when jazz became a jaded commercial product that Tin Pan Alley began to go to Paris for a post-graduate course. Now there is not a recondite effect known to Delius or Debussy that is not the common property of cultivated jazz composers. Thus, this sign of the waning star of jazz music concealed itself for a while in a method that resembled it in purely sensuous appeal and is being [8] readily adaptable to a sentimental treatment. But music cannot live on isolated harmonic effects. And it was further proved that the way European music was going any continued help from this source was impossible. Except perversely one can hardly be a sentimental atonalist. More important, no doubt, the buying public would never understand it. The first use of the word ragtime appears to be in reference to a piece by Bert Williams, dated 1896, "Oh, I Don't Know, You're Not So Warm." It was distinguished by a constant and obvious use of one of the oldest things in music, syncopation. However, being constant and obvious, it attracted the attention of the public who tempted it into the ballroom. It was an ideal accompaniment for simple dancing. Dr. Goldbery, the American authority, has said: "A silent accent is the strongest of all accents. It forces the body to replace it with a motion." On many people "syncopation" had a drug-like effect and it soon gained such enormous prestige that the post-war years were intoxicated, literally jazz-mad, until "sweet music" and the quieter, more suave accents of "swing" (1936) brought once again a measure of stability and mediocrity. In its exciting first period, jazz ignored the musical resources of the past, demanded and got its own orchestra. Earnest Newman, in a visit to New York in 1925, reviewed the origin of the jazz band. "A blind black musician-one's thoughts run back to Homer-in New Orleans, a newsboy who rejoiced in the name of Stale Bread, gathered about him five good men and true after his own heart, and the holy association was known locally as Stale Bread's Spasm Band." Discoveries in the field of instrumentation, which included both new ways to play instruments and new ways to put them together, have been perhaps the most outstanding contributions of jazz to general musical development. A grotesque treatment of the portamento, especially in wind instruments, the use of bellmutes for wind, and the trombone glissando are just some of the favorite devices in a jazz orchestra. And then, when the fresh inspiration and improvisatory spontaneity of the early jazz was no longer possible. it became necessary to be clever. Method increased in inverse proportion to matter until now the tradition is mechanically preserved by starting off with the music of louts, dressing it up with spicy effects, and serving it in an almost symphonic orchestra, magnificient in skill and intelligent far beyond their heart-breaking task. Only then did it come to be taken seriously by the highbrows and to take itself seriously, to the ruin of its integrity. In "Alice in the Delighted States" Errato declares: "Oh Jazzbo, the things about [9 ] him is that he isn't a Muse at all, and so he has no responsibilities. He doesn't have tobe lofty and artistic and significant." To this delightful simplicity succeeded a top-hat and spats stage, gloomily grinding out insincere gloom as if its very life depended on it, which of course in a sense it did. Jazz of all periods is notable for an almost juvenile simplicity of form and texture. With or without pretensions to intellectuality it has been able to achieve nothing more complex than the old Elizabethan variations on a. ground. One reason for this is the large place improvisation takes in the process. It must be quite obvious that when whole parts of the music are not written down, the result will be bedlam unless the players have clearly defined limits asto what form the arabesque can take. This takes its toll both on, the formal and material aspects of structure. The close association of word-writer and song-writer in the game can be cited as another reason for formal deficiency. By their very nature, by their simplicity of thought and philosophy, emphasized by an extreme brevity, so to speak, of inspiration, jazz lyrics must be simple in form; and the music follows suit. Finally, music for America's dancing cannot be Russian ballet and get away with it. A fellow must be able to hear the tune, not once but many times, enunciated with increasing pep and vigor. Anything so misleading as a musicianly development is therefore strictly taboo. Ja.zz music fitted in excellently with the shadows and velvet of post-war decadence, with the "Waste Land" and Baudelairism. How apt it really can be makes "Twentieth Century Blues," at the end of "Cavalcade" one of the most moving things in modern drama. Some years ago Hitler voiced his opinion that jazz was "an expression of neurasthenia, debilitating to youth exposed freely to its down-grade influence." Certainly it would not survive, or if you like has not survived, the advent of an optimist philosophy, or even a relative rebirth of sanity. Surely the most attractive jazz tunes are the most heart-weary, world-worn, time has ever known. The trouble as I see it lies in the question of sincerity. With the appalling popularity of music, the tyranny of the radio, quick communication, and advertising, it has become quite possible for people tGJ be driven in a direction that their lives do not justify. Jazz is now a commercial product, fed by its Jewish tune-merchants who are turning their trait of bloodless melancholy to good account. They have taken over the blues from the Negro and jazz has now become the conservative element, not a little flat and mechanical. Because it is now the tyrant and not the reflection of thought, it is actually inhib- [10] iting the birth of a contemporary philosophy. To this extent Hitler's statement is correct. In a word, if no one tells those bored skulls wearily fulfilling the ballroom rites that they are just a little passe and not the least amusing, they are in grave danger of becoming permanent ghosts, from which no poetry could suck the pity. SONNET lV\\IND travels much on wand'ring wings of thought, yet word to mind comes not like sigh to heave; Full oft doth flick'ring candle burn to nought, Ere heart on parchment doth true feelings weave. No Milton dwells in each lone mortal's soul; No Byron haunts 'each poet with his pen; No Wordsworth fills each man with Nature's whole; Save through his works which thrilled, do thrill again. Yet voice which came to him is meant for me, And song which rings for Hector rings for Troy, 'Tis but he doth express as he doth see, Whilst I inhabit just the inward joy. He gives a sense to those who cannot feel, And from rare nature doth her secret steal. -MORTON PARKER, '40. CLHEY built a tower, those proud, those clever men,; High, with a massive plinth, and then Along its length carved symbols of the dead, "For play of light," they said. And round the crest as finish for the same O'erlappings, juttings, called by some learned name. With lines like these, they thought, with art so fair, Nature could never in the least compare. But they forgot-that growing quite close by A little poplar tree stood up against the sky. [11] A STEP TOWARDS CANADIAN NATIONALISM By W. A. McKAY IT IS difficult to convince old ladies that strikes among working men, being, as they say, detrimental to the welfare of the country as a whole, by which, of course, they mean their own pocketbooks, are not, in themselves, essentially of an evil nature. Inherited from a pioneering past are concepts that die hard. They were hard come by, and they are doubly hard to remove. Chief among them is the idea that every problem that concerns them must be approached from but one angle, the economic. Everything, from international affairs to ladies' aid politics, not excluding trades unionism, is looked at through the plugged nickle. Anything like a casual survey of the situation seems to be a practical impossibility, but must be attempted before any clear conception can be gained. In the past Canadian trades unions have led a singularly precarious existence; like our cultural and governmental institutions, they have vacillated between Great Britain and the United States. Before the fifteenth of May, 1937, a step is to be taken which will fix, for the time being at least, the new policy of the Canadian Congress of Labor. Last year, at the September meeting, accusations of selling out to the American "coffin clubs" flew about the floor of the annual meeting until at last the law was called in to settle a disgraceful squabble among the officers. It would appear that the quarrel did not arise solely out of the economic aspects of the question, but that whether they knew it or not, the executive was torn between an adherence to the British and an adherence to the American policy. The policy of the United States unions was largely founded upon the principles of the American Constitution itself. The cardinal rules were to be found in the division of crafts. Although this policy might have been effective in the United States, it had a larger number of industrial workers than our Dominion could boast. Industrially Canada is far behind the United States both in the number of different industries and in the number of men engaged in each. The result of the affiliation of the small Canadian unions with their larger American counterparts has been to make the Canadian unions the subsidiaries of the large American federations. In a good many cases the policy of the Canadian union man has been dictated from a head office in a large American centre. The danger as seen by Labor Review is, that the Canadian work( Continued on page 14) [12] HAS LABOR A NATIONAL BOUNDARY? By IAN D. SINCLAIR (EDITOR'S 1IfOTE: The two articles here printed should be of interest in the light of the current labor situation not only in the United States of America, but also in Canada. In effect the two are complementary. The first, contributed by Mr. Mackay for publication in an earlier issue of "Vox," was held over due to lack of space and, in the interval, Mr. Sinclair volunteered to reply to Mr. Mackay's challenge to the Canadian unions.) MR. McKAY does not want labor to look at its problems, to look for its strength and its development through the economic aspects alone, but rather he desires that Labor would become enlightened and, like the Canadian Club, keep in constant view "the Flag." It would seem that the view put forward is that labor should put on smoked glasses, should see life through the narrow vision of nationalism, and from the subdued red that springs from the Canadian flag be so overwhelmed as to cut off its strength economically and numerically. It is apparent that Mr. McKay looks upon labor organization as necessary. Necessary for a fuller development of the community, necessary to bring about the manifold benefits to the large section of the community whose interests are protected by organization. It is agreed, I hope, that the State is not an end in itself, but exists solely as a means to the greater development of the people who make up the State. That is to say, the word connected with State is to be "welfare," not "power." Canada has not to the same extent as the United States been so adverse to State interference in the economic life of the country. However, we have demonstrated that we have neither the constitutional power nor requisite courage to enact legislation which would guarantee the Canadian workingman a fair wage and a fair standard of living. We have been unable to institute universal minimum wage laws and universal pension schemes. Therefore, the State having failed to fulfil its function as a welfare agency, the Union has found it necessary to protect employees from unscrupulous employers and to present the case of labor with strength, reason and discrimination. I would remind Mr. McKay that the presentation of a case (Continued on page 15) [13] A STEP TOWARDS CANADIAN NATIONALISM (Continued from page 12) man, when he falls on difficult days and is unable to keep up his affiliation, is more readily expelled from the large international union and becomes the prey of every Fascist or Communist propagandist. The real danger seems to lie not in the exposure of the men to the influence of shirt-propaganda, but in the fact that the industrial workers of Canada will find themselves dictated to by- the larger unions, and that ultimately, where the interests of the two countries clash, the labor man might be led by his affiliation into a line of conduct which would not be in the best interest of the Canadian nation. And here appears a significant point not observed by the founders of Canadian unionism. The early days on the American continent brought immense development in construction and a huge influx of skilled and unskilled labor; the boundary line between Canada and the United States was indistinct; jobs were plentiful, and it was natural that workers' unions should be founded on an international basis. Today, while the United States is assuming a position of industrial leadership in the world, Canada has retained many pioneer characteristics. It is inevitable that the interests of the two should not remain identical. A new development in the United States unions is towards division by industries rather than by crafts, which naturally produces larger and more unwieldy units; units, too, which find it easier to dictate to their Canadian brethren who have followed in large measure the hit-and-miss principles of British trades unionism. In the near future a decision must be made which will shape the whole policy of Canadian unionism. While in some cases it may mean a loss of members in favor of communist and fascist groups, the body of workmen who base their interests on democratic principles must choose whether they will accept the American or the British system as their guide. On the other hand, there is no reason why they should not found a peculiarly Canadian system from the resolution cif forces of the other two. Geographically, economically, and politically, Canada's position is unique. Could the labor policy of her workmen, dependent as it is upon these three factors, not assume a form different from those of the two countries in which their former interests lay? While it is admitted that Canada has not passed far beyond the pioneer stage, nascent Canadian nationalism might well be incubated by the real builders of Canada-a-the Canadian labor men. [14] HAS LABOR A NATIONAL BOUNDARY? (Continued from page 13) before an arbitration board requires money,-money in a sufficient degree to enable the representatives of labor to employ the best legal advice, to employ experienced men competent to make statistical surveys. Labor requires men in its movement who have an international experience with the problems of labor, men who can see labor differences beyond" the narrow range of nationalism which had brought discredit and dissolution to the forces of labor. May I also remind Mr. McKay that employer organizations are international in scope. The A. R. A. (American Railroad Association) is an international association. Furthermore, the facilities of the Pinkerton Detective Agency are open to Canadian as well as American employers. The conversant reader knows that the Pinkerton force was used in attempting to break a labor deadlock in the City of Winnipeg. Therefore, it seems only reasonable to suggest that international industrial organization must be met with international labor organization. If such is not to be the case, then from where is labor's strength to come? Numerical strength in the labor movement means financial strength; and financial strength means human welfare. The highest degree of human welfare attainable can be brought about only through the co-ordinate action of all labor. Labor organization in Canada must continue to lead a precarious existence if it is not to co-ordinate its limited strength and resources with the labor movement of other countries. Mr. Hitler early in his career, I believe, took the stand that the form of labor organization was of no consequence, it was the spirit that mattered. Therefore, to his mind, it followed that such laudable spirit, such co-ordinate strength and action as existed in the labor movement would be of untold advantage in the aggrandisement of national sentiment. Now, Mr. Hitler was successful in convin. cing German labor that nationalism would add strength to the labor movement. However, in the light of subsequent action in the German labor field, it would appear that Mr. McKay would have great difficulty in convincing even a small segment of the friends of labor to the belief that nationalism would be advantageous to Canadian labor. Monopoly and nationalism are the two greatest obstacles in the working of present-day Capitalism. The growth of nationalism brings as its counterpart a hindrance to the exchange of commodities upon the world market. The successful operation of Capitalism requires an extensiverW6>rld' market both in commodities and credit. [15] Mr. McKay wants labor to add its strength to the forces of nationalism in our State. It appears only reasonable to suggest that the continued growth of nationalism and the successful operation of Capitalism as a system cannot exist side by side. Surely Mr. McKay is not subtly advocating a changed order? Labor organization can be either vertical or horizontal; both divisions have had considerable success. Space does not allow a consideration of the C. I. o. and A. F. of L. beyond the fact that this in general may be said. All labor has a common aim: co-operation between employer and employee, the prevention of exploitation, the raising of the labor standard of living, and better working conditions for laboring classes. Any movement which introduces dissension and division to labor organization merely hinders the accomplishment of labor's common aim. Labor in Canada and in other countries has fundamentally the same aim, the same purpose, and the same problems. Therefore, why introduce in Canada a movement which will mean division? Why, on account of a few minor differences, undermine that unity in which there lies strength? Labor must transcend local differences and national boundaries and co-ordinate all its facilities. The spirit of labor must take a higher ground than the sentiment of nationalism. In his last paragraph Mr. McKay asks if Canadian labor, in view of Canada's "unique position" cannot assume a form different from the old horizontal and vertical organization. No doubt, Canadian labor could assume some different form. It could, for instance, mould its organization along the lines of a circle and proceed to go round and round hatching pert phraseology; such as, the "incubators of Canadian nationalism." No doubt, if Canadian labor assumed a new form it would draw to its support idealistic sentimentalists such as Mr. McKay, but in so doing would labor benefit? Would its strength be enhanced? Would its aim be closer to fulfilment? It would seem that Canada's "unique position" must make Canadian labor affiliate or perish as a force of strength and action. [16] NONSENSE IN ENGLISH VERSE THE Englishman has always had a leaning towards the dignified. Influenced perhaps by the fact that the ancestors of at least ninety percent of the population of the islands came over with the conqueror, English authors and poets have always been rather chary about poking fun at anyone or anything. As someone has stated, "C'est Ie ridicule qui tue." A secondary reason, perhaps, would lie in the patronage system by which English genius was subsidized. until the nineteenth century, for the British aristocracy, God bless 'em, have always come closer to the types immortalized by Pelham Grenville Wodehouse than even he would care to admit. However. with the liberation of the arts from their previous subservience to the rural squire or the great city family, there gradually developed a spirit of nonsense, which has since become so prominent in prose, at least, that it would be difficult to read through ten pages of Hansard's Parliamentary Debates for the current (or any) session, through any popular sermon by a celebrated bishop, indeed any lecture by a celebrated professor, without finding extracts so rich, so fantastic, that the more modest verse productions of Lear and Carroll would pale in comparison with the wads of Representative Thought. In verse the matter is more complicated. It will be found, by. the intelligent enquirer, that the best nonsense in verse-that is, the most hilarious-will be found on examination to mean something. It is generally difficult to convince the average Englishman that nonsense can mean something, for the simple paradoxical reason that almost every kind of grim reality seems to him strange and comic. A cursory examination of the headlines on such papers as the Daily Express, the Mirror, and so on, will amply justify this claim. By exploiting this national state of mind, startling and delighting his little readers with mental acrobatics which are a platitude to more sophisticated peoples, Mr. Shaw has amassed a fortune. On the continent they raise their eyebrows at the Shavian naivete. Consequently it is observed that England is one of those few and far between places where nonsense, intelligent nonsense, is to be found in profusion. Finally, nonsense, as a technical term, is not to be confused with the humor resulting from ignorance or stupidity, in which English verse, and particularly that of Wordsworth, abounds. Nonsense, with the exception of a few ancient examples, is the-product of a modern age. But this does not imply that it is confined to the [17] comparative nonentities who abound in the field of modern poetry. Besides Lear, Calverley, Graham, Bentley, there are choice extracts to be obtained from Milton, Hood, Wordsworth, Tennyson, Belloc, Chesterton, Swinburne, Stephens. Among this latter group one finds literary curiosities concealed from the eyes of freshmen such as Swinburne's deliberate dancing on his head in the nonsense parodies of his own work which are worth as much as his collected poetry. Another case in point is Tennyson. Few would care to connect Victoria's Laureate with undignified behavior, but if his Minnie and Winnie really is meant to be nonsense-I think the academies are divided on the matter-it deserves a little niche in any pagoda of the grotesque simply for its social and historical value. The classic examples of nonsense may be represented briefly by Milton's "On the Oxford Carrier," too long to quote, which begins: "Here lieth one, who did most truly prove That he could never die while he could move; So hung his destiny never to rot While he might still jog on and keep his trot ... " Goldsmith's Elegy on Madam Blaize is on the border line-s-the first and last verses here quoted indicate the nonsense, however: "Good people all, with one accord, Lament for Madam Blaize, Who never wanted a good wordFrom those who spoke her praise. Let us lament, in sorrow sore For Kent Street well may say That had she lived a twelvemonth moreShe had not died today." And Samuel Johnson contributed four lines: "If the man who turnips cries Cry not when his father dies, 'Tis a proof that he had rather Have a turnip than his father-" This from the dean of English Letters. Comparable is Thomas Hood's Faithless Nellie Gray, which every High School student knows by heart. Tennyson's Minnie and Winnie has already been mentioned, and is here quoted in full: [18] 5. Started a green linnet Out of the croft; Wake little ladies, The sun is aloft!" "1. Minnie and Winnie Slept in a shell. Sleep, little ladies! And they slept well. 2. Pink was the shell within, Silver without; Sounds of the great sea Wandered about. 3. Sleep, little ladies! Wake not soon! Echo on echo Dies to the moon. 4. Two bright stars Peep'd into the shell, What are they dreaming of? Who can tell? From Swinburne there are two choice examples, the first of the parody type, the second of the higher lunacy to which he was upon occasion the victim. (a) from Nephelidia- "From the depth of the dreamy decline of the dawn through a notable nimbus of nebulous noonshine, Pallid and pink as the palm of the flag-flower that flickers with fear of the flies as they float, Are they looks of our lovers that lustrously lean from a marvel of mystic miraculous moonshine, These that we feel in the blood of our blushes that thicken and threaten with sobs from the throat?" (and so on). (b) from The Higher Pantheism in a Nutshell- "One, who is not, we see; but one, whom we see not, is; Surely, this is not that; but that is assuredly this. What, and wherefore, and whence: for under is over and under; If thunder could be without lightning, lightning could be without thunder." (and so on). This is comparable only to a modern critic's comment on Tennyson's philosophy: "When pondering much on how or why, Or lost in philosophic lore; The thought that two and two makes four Consoles me in my agony. [19] The sun sinks ever in the west And rises ever in the east; I know that this is sure, at least, And cannot doubt that it is best." but this is rather cruel satire than pure nonsense. To conclude the classical authors one can quote Walter de la Mare Mare. Here is The Bards, with original notes: "My aged friend, Miss Wilkinson, Whose mother was a Lambe, Saw Wordsworth once, and Coleridge too, One morning in her pram*. Bird-like the bards stooped over herLike fledgling in a nest; And Wordsworth said, 'Thou harmless babe!' And Coleridge was impressed. The pretty thing gazed up and smiled, And softly murmered, 'Coo!' William was then aged sixty-four And Samuel sixty-two. *This was a three-wheeled vehicle Of Iron and of wood; It had a leather apron, But it hadn't any hood." But the best nonsense is the work of the moderns, the product of an age of disillusion and dispair, although the humor of Carroll chimes in perfectly with the spirit of his times. Alice is the perfect child of the Victorian age, the invention of a kind-hearted, coolblooded, rather priggish mathematical don, born into an England where people of the nicer kind lived charming lives on smooth, sunshiny lawns, sedulously unaware for the most part of the horrors at their gates, the sweat-shops, the enslaved children, the terrible Victorian charity. Today we see just a little more clearly, as extracts heregiven will show. Let us commence with a verse of Carroll's Jabberwocky, the most priceless bit of burbling in existence, and compare it with a Latin translation by Vansittart: " 'Twas brillig, and the slithy toves Did gyre and gimble in the wabe, All mimsy were the borogoves, And the mome raths outgrabe. [20] 2. Then laugh, ha, ha, ha, And ring, ting, ling, ling, And sing, fal, la, la, La, la, le." (Repeat.) Coesper'erat: tunc lubriciles' ultravia circum Urgebant gyros gembiculosque tophi; Moestenui visae borogovides ire meatu; Et profugi ge.mitus exgrabuere rathae. Notes: 'Coesper, from Coena and Vesper. "Iubrtciles, from lubricus and graciles." And follow it by a miscellany: (a) from Gelett Burgess- "1 never saw a purple cow, 1 never hope to see one; But 1 can tell you, anyhow, I'd rather see than be one." (b) from E. C. Bentley's astringent Ballade- "The croakers say that Mr. Justice Peck Was briefless both as Junior and K.C.; That nasty business of the altered cheque Was never quite hushed up, unhappily ..." (c) from Harry Graham's Two Little Sporting Lyrics" 1. The Englishman's Home 1 was playing golf the day That the Germans landed; All our troops had run away, All our ships were stranded; And the thought of England's shame Altogether spoiled my game." (d) from Bret Harte- "Swiss Air 1. I'm a gay tra, la, la, With my fal, lal, la, la, And my bright- And my light- Tra, la, le (Repeat.) (e) from D. B. Wyndham Lewis- "Lines to a Lady of Quality with the Gift of a Jaguar All teeth and claws, behold this little Jaguar! A fit companion for the kind of Haguar." [21] (f) from Ogden Nash- "Platitudinous Reflections Probably a great deal of superciliousness Is based on biliousness; Somehow people seem to be as proud as peacocks Of any infirmity, be it hives or dementia praecox." (g) from J. B. Morton- "Now We Are Sick Hush, hush, Nobody cares! Christopher Robin Has Fallen DownStairs." (h) from Ralph Wotherspoon- "Walt Wimbush was a warrior, Yet sorrowful and sad. He'd functioned in the KoreaAt least he said he had. But when a gay young Torea-dor, keen to be admired, Ran through the sorry warrior The sorry one looked sorrier And with non omnis morior, Reluctantly expired." But this is quite enough. It is hoped that as many degrees and phases of English verse nonsense (a word that keeps recurring) are represented here as possible. There will probably be differences of opinion as to whether this or that particular piece comes within the strict rubric. To complaints arising thus one can be deathly indifferent. There is borderline, a very misty and elusive one, between the last shimmering nuance of nonsense proper and a certain kind of humor which it is not always easy to perceive, much less to fix. Perhaps the reasonable working test in a difficulty, as already hinted, is to ask oneself: Does it mean anything? If it does, it is probably nonsense. If it doesn't, it is probably not. It is regrettable that the majority of English poems comes within the latter category. but given an appreciation of this criterion, one can have a great deal of innocent fun from the minority. Try it some time. [22] SIR JAMES MATTHEW BARRIE, O.M. SIR JAMES The time- has come, the walrus said, To talk of many things, Of ships and shoes and sealing wax, And cabbages and kings, And why the sea is boiling hot, And if Sir James talks silly rot. (-BORROWED) • IN FAR away Samoa, in 1892, Robert Louis Stevenson wrote to Henry James: "But Barrie is a beauty. The Little Minister and The Window in Thrums, eh? Stuff in that young man; but he must see and not be too funny. Genius in him, but there's a journalist at his elbow-there's the risk." There's a journalist at his elbow ... (and he might well have added an elf and clown as well!) Thirty-two years later, when the great of his little island came to do him honor at a feast of wit and other delicacies, Sir James retaliated at the defenceless R. L. S., now asleep these many years on his romantic island. With one of his precious sallies, he dived into his precious and amazing reminiscences-precious because they were so Barriesque; delightful because they were so untrue! "I remember when I first met Robert Louis. I had come up to Edinburgh, and walking down the high street I beheld this strange looking creature R.L.S. We passed, I stared at him, and continued doing so, stopped in my tracks. Mr. Stevenson returned to me and said: 'Well, God made me.' I surveyed him, frankly stunned, and retorted: 'God's getting careless.' ... Our friendship fast ripened from that day." It was during this whimsey that Barrie denied that he was an "Octogeranium," although he was able to recall quite vividly, he insisted, Napoleon, Wellington and many other persons of fame, buried these hundred years. In his golden little address Courage, so eloquent with the stuff of life, the stuff which makes us men, delivered as rector of his own beloved St. Andrews in 1922, he told us of the existence of "M'Connachie," the unholy half of himself; the writing half-the fanciful half, as if we didn't know M'Connachie!-while he, himself, said Barrie, is the half that is dour and practical and canny. Now it distresses Sir James to have M'Connachie interfering with his serious moods and solemn moments-but we, who love the creator of Peter Pan and Wendy and all-praise the gods for M'Connachie's supremacy and sovereignty! Whence came this dear, loveable complex? This genius, who [23] opens the innermost door of our hearts and like some wizard musician draws' his bow across the fibres of our heart and sets us, singing? Who is this man who refuses to grow up and who bafflesthe grey, oncoming years? Dull, prosaic "Who's Who" tells us that James Matthew was born in Kirriemuir in 1860, and, very fittingly, in the May time of that year, when fairies and elves, daisies and nestbirds and waking blossoms hold open court. Then we remember-Kirriemuir- i-Scotland. Oh yes, now we remember-s-Presbyterianism and philosophy, oatmeal or peasemeal behind the door-i-Oueen Mary~The Master of Ballantrae-Treasure lsuuui-s-The Westminster Conjession-c-and greatest of all Bobbie Burns-i-these all either lived or were wise enough to leave Scotland. "Thrifty souls," Kipling called them-e-who "must have been an anfractuous breed to handle; but, by their God, in whose word they walked, they owned themselves." But to return to the bothersome facts: Dumfries Academy Barrie next visited, strangely enough, as a scholar; visited not a few honors, amid scenes and long enough to capture all hearts and with comrades he has since immortalized. Here it was-c-as he himself finally confessed when the freedom of Dumfries and no end of other honors were conferred upon him-s-that Peter Pan came to be. "All unconscious was our old schoolmaster, that when the shadows of night began to fall, certain young mathematicians changed their skin, crept up walls and down trees, and became pirates in a sort of Odyssey that was long afterwards to become the play of Peter Pan, for our escapades in a certain Dumfries garden, which is enchanted land to me, was certainly the genesis of that nefarious work." From Dumfries, and all too short-lived pirate days, he went up to Edinburgh University and captured a Master's Degree in Arts, thus confounding and confusing his professors as well as astounding himself. Turning on graduation to journalism, he pursued his work first at Nottingham and later in London. This is what your woefully brief and bare biographies tell-s-but to us of the old guard-s-who tumble over each other to seize and devour the latest message from Barrie-land-how much more it is than that. He hasn't come to this twisted world of ours in the ordinary way, much less been lent to us for a little that we might laugh and cry together over bygones and about-to-be's-i-in a treasure house of heirlooms, a store of lavendered delights-s-where life flows between the frail walls almost furiously. A very solemn critic who must be very wise, says that James is a born novelist, and a born dramatist, rarest of combinations, that he is the greatest of his day-s-tush! what's all that? James [24] Matthew is the king of the Never-never land; children the world over have seen to that-(children, some with greying hair and bending figures). Even ih, his serious novels (what a blunder to say serious) in the Admirable Crichton (possibly his masterpiece) the very plot is frankly preposterous; desert island and butler king, and all. The play is too fantastic for "earlism," too humorous for "romance," too serious for "farce." It could never possibly have happened, and yet it is all true. The figures that move are no puppets; the people of the pages live. He wasn't always swayed by M'Connachie. Back there in the early days of Auld Licht Idylls you see him sober and showing with a dogged Dutch fidelity the dour reality of Scotia. He would bring out the slowness of those weavers and their ludicrous love-making; he would paint the "dull, vacant faces" of the Tammas Haggarts and Pete Lunas pitilessly. But as he worked, there came a change. Tammas began to grow eldritch, Pete became a quaint gnome. Gnarled idiocyncrasies sprouted, the stolid features swelled and shrank. Thrums grew into a goblin market. The fashionable thing to say about him now is that he has never "grown-up." But he has grown, bless you, grown incessantly; but instead of growing up he has grown down! And there is a touch of tragedy in the situation; genius is a cruel gift. To dwindle when you wanted to tower up. He might feel the pain of it all, just as he might have experienced it in 1913when he had to face the chilly wet winds of a bitter London day and the more biting publicity of curious citizens to bend his knee to a grateful monarch who wished to do him honor. He drove reluctantly to Buckingham, and when they opened his cab-door, they found him huddled in a far corner, terrified beyond measure because he was about to be created a baronet. In Margaret Ogilvy he told us how he and his mother borrowed the Arabian Nights from the Thrums village library, "but on discovering they were nights instead of knights, for which he had paid, we sent that volume packing." And now he was a knight himself. Poor James. And if that wasn't unreasonable enough, they made him come back a year or two later and accept an Order of Merit, and Barrie puzzled over that for many a long day. Well, we could have elaborated on our hero's thirty-six or so dramas and novels, but what folly it would have been since you may all know them better, though you cannot love them more, than we. But, and this should compensate for all that has gone before, we have made a great discovery; a very new one and only this morning in the dust-filled archives of a library. Barrie's first work has never been published, and indeed, is generally unknown, but we [25] have brought for you the most pungent sentence: "Charles Peabody's mother died before he was born, and ever since his father has been delicate." Surely he is a genius, by his own definition-for surely he "knows best how to crack walnuts." And how generously he has given of his store, walnuts whose taste is everlastingly sweet to the tongue. Well, Barrie himself would say that this little appraisal of him has been almost dull enough to be academic-but, you see, no Scot, or son of a Scot dares wax sentimental over any love of his heart-you see, we fear sentiment; and flee it because we love the seductive thing too well. We've wanted to be excessive in our praise of M'Connachie-in the excessive way Barries makes his Grizel rock her arms ecstatically and cry out constantly: "Oh, you sweet." But we haven't dared. But you know now, don't you? And just before we leave him, let Sir James himself giveus his precious word-a sermon and yet a poem, as every noble sermon should be: "Do not stand aloof, despising, disbelieving, but come in and help-insist upon coming in and helping. After all, we have shown a good deal of courage; and your part is to add a greater courage to it. There are glorious years ahead of you if you choose to make them glorious. God's in His Heavens still. So forward, brave hearts. To what adventure I cannot tell, but I know that God is watching to see whether you are adventurous... In bidding you good-bye, my last words must be of the lovely virtue. Courage, my children, and 'greet the unseen with a cheer.' 'Fight on, my men,' said Sir Andrew Barton. Fight on ... till the whistle blows." [26] 12ti/ Ir··..····...··..·····~~~~;;·~~·~~~~:···~~·~~·:·~;~; ..··..···...··...···11 ~ ••••••••••••••••••• CONTRIBUTORS, 1936-1937 •••••••••••••••••I ••••••II••••••••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • II•• i ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••; The Editorial Board of Vox wishes to thank all those who have assisted in the production of the magazine during the past year, and particularly the following, who have con, tributed articles: A. MURRAY SMITH-"The Passing of the University," January issue. BRADFORD HENDERsoN-"Lawrence of Arabia," January issue. RODERICK O. HUNTER-"The Senior Stick's Page," January issue. HAROLD B. STRINGER-"On Being Asked to Contribute to Vox," January issue. EARLE J. BEATTIE-"PaSS the Buck," January issue. REG. W. BUNDy-"COmes the Revolution," November issue; "Music," January issue. DEAN A. D. LONGMAN-"Alumni Alumnaeque," all issues. PROF. A. R. CRAGG-"The College of Today in the World of Tomorrow," March issue. NEIL A. DEwAR-"Ars Quixotica," March issue. M. D. GILCHRIST-POem "To A Poet," March issue. W. A. McKAy-Poem "As Loved Our Fathers," March issue; Book Review, "Ignatius Loyola," March issue; "A Step Towards Canadian Nationalism," June issue. IAN D. SINCLAIR-"Valedictory" June issuer. "Has Labor a National Boundary," June issue. CHESTER DUNcAN-"Jazz," June issue. CLARENCE H. JOHNsoN-"And So He Entered Law," June issue. ELSIE COUSEN:-"Face Reading in the Library," June issue. LESLIE E. THOMPSON. REX GROSE. GWEN HENDERSON. R. J. LEIGHTON. [27] CONFERRING OF DEGREES IN THEOLOGY AT THE beginning of its work Wesley College made provision for the teaching of Theology. Neither the Act of 1877 nor that of 1886 gave to the College a duly organized faculty in this area. The power to great degrees in the Province of Manitoba was vested in the University under its Act of Incorporation. When that act was amended in 1880 it was specified that "with the sanction of the governing bodies of the denomination to which it (an affiliated college) belongs (it shall) have the power of forming a separate faculty in Theology for the examination for and the granting of the degrees of Bachelor of Divinity and Doctor of Divinity." A person receiving either of these degrees was given the rights and privileges of a graduate of the University. However, should the candidate for the degree of Bachelor not be a University graduate, the University reserves the right to examine in Greek, Latin and Mathematics. Such was the legal position in respect to these degrees. During the following years Wesley College did not have need to confer degrees and the power lay dormant. There was, however, in 1894, a student approaching the completion of the required course and provision for the granting of degrees became necessary. The General Conference of the Methodist Church gave the sanction necessary to the setting up of a faculty in Theology in accordance with the provincial act noted above. The Board of Wesley College on January 12; 1894, authorized the establishment of such a faculty. It did not, however, give to the faculty all the powers which might be conferred under the University Act of 1880, and Professor Andrew Stewart registered his objection to the action on the basis that under Section 33 of the Act the Board of Wesley College had no authority to limit the power of the faculty to "the examination for and granting of the degree of Bachelor of Divinity." On June 5, 1894, the executive took action and established the first faculty of Theology which, on June 20, reported to the Board that they had in conformity with the powers granted them conferred the Degree of Bachelor of Divinity on Rev. N. J. Brown, B.A. The protest of the faculty, because of the limitation of their powers, brought immediate results. The Board at the same meeting asked its representatives on the University Council to request such an alteration in the Act as would place. the degree conferring power in divinity in the College and not in the faculty. By 1902 it was felt that the minimum academic requirements for a candidate for the degree of Bachelor of Divinity should be increased and the University Act was changed, making it necessary for the candidate to have standing in at least the second year of the Arts course and have studied the Greek Option. This provision did not yet come up to the minimum requirements in Wesley College. As early as 1896 a student was required to have standing in a considerable portion of the final years in Arts before becoming a candidate for Bachelor of Divinity. In practice, however, those who received the Degree of Bachelor of Divinity from Wesley College had first obtained their degree in Arts at least two years before the granting of the B. D. degree. In 1900 the requirement of two years standing was dropped. In 1905 the standard was raised further by stipulating that before the degree of Bachelor of Divinity would be granted, one year in College must be devoted entirely to the study of Theology, after the degree of Bachelor of Arts was obtained. In 1907 this requirement was raised to two years. When the courses leading to the degree of Bachelor of Divinity were first set up in 1891-1892, a knowledge of both the Greek and the Hebrew languages was required as well as the completion of the regular subjects and the presentation of a thesis. These requirements continued until the Senate took over the administration of the courses under the Charter graduated in Arts in 1919 or at an of 1919. In 1920 a Special Course was set up for those students who had Greek nor Hebrew was compulsory earlier date. In this course neither and no further attendance was required. [28] This course did not achieve the end for which it was instituted and in 1923 was discontinued, leaving the regular course in operation. There was no change in the legal aspects of the granting of degrees until 1919. In that year the Charter of Wesley College was amended and consolidated. It provided that the power for the granting of the degrees lay in the Board of Directors, but that the Board "shall have power and authority to delegate to the Senate the granting of and to grant degrees in Theology whether upon examination or admission ad eundem or honoris causa." By the University Act those receiving such degrees were admitted to all the rights and privileges of a graduate of the University of Manitoba. The matters remained in this position until the passing of the University Act, 1936. This Act added a clause to the Act of incorporation of Wesley College whereby "the said College in its corporate name shall have power to grant degrees, including honorary degrees, in Theology and Divinity." In this Act there IS no provision for persons who receive such degrees being admitted to the rights and privileges of graduates of the University. The granting of the Degree of Doctor of Divinity honoris causa did not provoke the same discussion as did the basis of the granting of the Bachelor Degree. For five years after the Board had the power to grant the Degree of Doctor of Divinity they allowed it to be dormant. It was not until 1899 that they finally drew up the procedure. The candidate would be nominated by the chair or by such committee as the Board would from 'time to time direct. The voting would be by ballot at a regular meeting of that body called .aftt=:r ~our weeks notice. In the notice indication would be given that the granting of Honorary Degrees would be one of the objects of the meeting. A twothirds majority of the members present would be required to grant the degree. The first degrees were conferred on Professor Andrew Stewart and Rev. L. Gaetz on June 10, 1899. ' The power to grant the degree of Doctor of Divinity Honoris Causa remained in the Board and was exercised directly by it until the Charter of 1919 gave authority to delegate that power to the Senate. This body at its first meeting on October 16 1919, set up a committee to make re~ommendations in respect to persons on whom could be bestowed worthily the Degree of Doctor of Divinity. On April 13, 1920, the new procedure under the Senate was placed in operation and Rev. C. E. Manning, B.A., was granted the Degree of Doctor of Divinity. [29] AND SO HE ENTERED LAW By C. H. JOHNSON ~,"' .AFTER five highly successful years, at last he was entering the home stretch; there had not been a position awaiting at the end of his Arts career,' he had learned with regret. But was not Law awaiting him with outstretched arms? Without a doubt it was. Admittedly brilliant-the faculty were agreed that he was; and he himself was loath to deny it. He had majored in English and Philosophy, honors all the way, and an occasional scholarship, too. That his work, "The Influence of the Freudian Theory on the Erring Maidens of Bulgaria," was the most brilliant thing of its kind, there was none to gainsay. His years of service on the college magazine, culminating in his editorship, must surely have brought him lasting fame; his consummate genius in the dramatic art surely could not have passed unheralded, and the unsurpassed accuracy of his shots in basketball was the wonder of the team; nor did these serve to dequantitate his vanity at all. Most certainly Law would welcome him. Why not? Watch his smoke! Law was a pipe. A few lectures in the morning. Boy! What a time he would have! Of course there was this business of "articles"something about anoffice--better consult the registrar-maybe the dean too-better let the old boys know he was coming. An enthusiastic and ingratiating welcome, illuminated by stories told in glowing terms of bright hopes for the future, and of unparalleled opportunities for a highly successful career bursting forth for young lawyers was not what he received. And that there was an acute shortage, that companies were going a-begging, that youthful graduates of the Law school were making easy money and that they were receiving the highest and most lucrative positions of finance and industry, was not included in the registrar's conversation either. It was different. Ah, yes! Quite different. A hearty handshake, a gracious welcome, congratulations for success in previous years and words of assurance that a large and prosperous corporation was anxiously awaiting such a one as him to fill a particularly lofty and significant post is not quite an exact description of his colloquy-with the dean. Alas! No. In such manner animated and inspirited, he sets forth blithely and with light heart to divulge the good news to some Law firm that he has come and that he is prepared to exchange his invalu- [30] able services for a consideration. Offices waving their hands with an imminent deficiency confronting is what he had hoped, but failed to find. He.calls on the firm with the longest list of partners and whose office is notably imposing as would befit his style and dignity. A pretty blonde stenographer with ruby lips, crimson cheeks, scarlet nails and garbed in a cerise gown, and whose smile is most charming, manner most delectable and replies most witty, was not the one who met him in that office. Told to sit down and wait awhile, he did,-for several hours, in fact, until admitted to the office of a bald-headed man with a red face, which he had not got going to Sunday school. This gentleman was reading the latest edition of "Hush." Most amazing of all! The ardent young student was not welcomed and congratulated, nor was he wined and dined; this individual did not assure him that he was the answer to a lawyer's prayer. A princely remuneration, a magnificient private office, and a personal stenographer was not what this individual offered. In fact, he told him to get out. Why! Most incomprehensible conduct! At his next call he did not see industrious stenographers thumping typewriters at a furious pace, nor busy clerks scurrying hither and thither, nor a long line of anxious clients awaiting each his turn. No! He did not see that at all; hut he tiptoed softly out the door hoping that he had not been spotted. What a pity to disturb them, he thought. A mere dozen or so additional calls, and at long last his great opportunity comes. An offer of monthly recompense so magnificent as to dazzle the eye and stun the mind and that one accepts with diffidence and a full consciousness of one's own shortcomings was not like this one. While he had trouble, it is true, in accepting this offer, it was for quite a different reason. And so somewhat puzzled and not a little perplexed, we leave him, a sadder if not a wiser youth. JI § , Open all Night lVlOOre S-- including Sunday [31] Vox congratulates the winners of the following awards: lIntnrrntty of lIanitoba AUtar~n MAY, 1937 + SCHOLARSHIPS Sir James Aikins Scholarship in English Junior Division in Arts and Science-Second Year Douglas M. Fraser, $75.00 Isbister Scholarship, Arts and Science, Senior Honors Division-Second Year Margaret D. Gilchrist, $80.00 Senior Division-First Year Irwin, Douglas D., $80.00 Johnston, Sarah I, $80.00 Lawson, R. Wm., $80.00 Junior Division, Second Year Douglas M. Fraser, Hon. Mention Junior Division, First Year Cann, Nora o. .--,,- , $60.00 Harvey, Ian J. . . 60.00 Ironside, Ronaldt;._:l: 60.00 Medd, Edna -.:..,•._------- 60.00 Moyse, Robert J. $60.00 Schneider, Elisabeth 60.00 Warren, Francis G. R. 60.00 Whittaker, Donald __. 60.00 SPECIAL SCHOLARSHIPS Scholarship of the German-Canadian League Hannesson, Richard S. M., $25.00 B'nai B'rith Scholarship in Hebrew Isaacovitch, Evelyn, $50.00 [32] Wesley College Awards lIe.aley QJ:nllege FEBRUARY 26TH, 1937 MEDALS Governor-General's Medal Gladys Elinore Pollard Lieutenant Governor's Medal Ruston William Lawson BURSARIES Logie Butchart Memorial Bursaries { (1) David Henry Craven (2) Harris Wilson SCHOLARSHIPS Sir John C. Eaton Scholarship Ruston William Lawson SECOND YEAR Jas. H. Ashdown Scholarship Douglas Markle Fraser Hart A. Massey Scholarship Wilson Graham Milne D. K. Elliott Scholarship : Richard Stephen M. Hanneson FIRST YEAR Principal J. W. Sparling Scholarship Edna Alexandra Medd Professor Andrew Stewart Scholarship Nora Emily Elizabeth Cann H. W. Hutchinson Scholarship Elisabeth Wiltrud Schneider E. Loftus Scholarship F. G. Ross Warren GRADE XII Sir James Aikins Scholarship Muriel Gordon Fraser R. J. Whitla Scholarship ., Adolph Edward Theman GRADE XI Rev. George Young Scholarship Mary Elizabeth Brown Manitoba College Awards .tIuuitnbu QJ:SCHOLARSHIPS FINAL YEAR Robert Anderson Scholarship George M. Marshall, B.A. Robert Carswell Scholarship for Hebrew John S. Scott, B.A. Mary Perine Tait Scholarship Russell, A. Peden, B.A. Governor-General's MedaL George M. Marshall, B.A. SECOND YEAR Robert Carswell Scholarship in Greek Thomas Saunders, B.A. Nisbet Memorial Scholarship A. Murray Smith, B.A. Ruth Russell Winchester Scholarship William A. Mackay FmsT YEAR John Ralph King Scholarship -----:------Thomas M. Badger, B.A. James Watt Scholarship Robert J. Leighton John Black Scholarship Charles R. Newcombe, B.A. PRIZES IN ORAL ENGLISH Nixon Prize Walter J. Spence Book Prize ~---------------ThomasM.Badger, B.A. G. R. Crowe Memorial Prize {ThOmas Saunders, B.A. Rev. H. Gordon Tolton, B.A. Robertson Morrin Essay Prize George M. Marshall, B.A. [33] PERMANENT EXECUTIVE, '37 H. ANDREW LAWRENCE President LEONORE LYTLE Vice-President Honorary President O. T. ANDERSON IAN SINCLAIR Valedictorian ROD.O.HUNTER Senior Stick NORMA LAW Lady Stick [34] r··.....········..···......··...··~·~·~·~·~··;·;·~·~·········· .....··..··············"il ••• 11••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ATHLETICS •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• I ••••••••••I ••••••••••••••• Wesley College can point with pride to the remarkable achievements of its athletes during the past year. A new record in the number of Interfaculty championships won by Wesley United in one year and the great showing that all her teams made in competition, give Wesley a high place in the realm of sport. The ladies of the College are to be congratulated for the wonderful record they have hung up. Four championships in one year are a splendid showing. The ladies' track, basketball, curling and hockey trophies are all resting in Wesley halls as proof of the prowess of our young ladies. The ladies' track was a new championship for Wesley and it was principally due to the efforts of Marcia Voorheis and Norma Verner that the trophy rests in Miss Spink's care. The basketball cup was retained only after a very hard series in which the United girls had an uphill clumb in both final games, but came out on the right end of the score before the final whistle. With the assistance of Helen Marsh and two girls from the last year's Matriculation hockey team were able to surprise everyone, even themselves, and defeat the strong Arts team in a decisive manner. Gladys Pollard, Helen Marsh, and Marguerite Ross were the mainstay of the team. Jean Babb, Joan Dey, Helen Marsh, and Marion Earle upheld Wesley colors in the curling and won the trophy for the third consecutive year. The men won only three Interfaculty championships: track, senior soccer and the Porte-Markle curling trophy, but made a great showing in rugby, hockey and basketball, in which they reached the finals. Even more decisively than last year did Wesley men athletes display their strength and retain the coveted trophy. Ernie McEwen, Max Kantovovich, Jack Barber, Harry Fainstein, and Bill Davis did well for the red and white. The senior soccer championship was won by our strong aggregation by winning the entire schedule of three games. The Porte-Markle curling trophy returned to Wesley halls after a few years' absence through the efforts of Jack Barker, Tom Henderson, Harold Couzens, and Bill McTavish. [35] "Does your Mother know you're out!" "She will-when she looks for her Sweet Caps ..." SWEET CAPORAL CIGARETTES "The purest form in which tobacco can be smo!ud."-.(Jnat Miss Bretta Powless won the United Colleges coed tennis championship. The men's final between Bill Dyke and Lawrence Neil will, we hope, be played off at their leisure in the near future. Bowling was enjoyed by a large number this year and Joan Dey and Alex. Cairns are to be congratulated on the handling of this popular sport. Dick Mahoney, Ray Marks, Norm White, Joyce Parker, and Josephine Miller were the winning team in the College league. Curling was enjoyed at Deer Lodge, under the guidance of Marion Earle and Jack Barker, with great success. R. Homer, R. Lynd, B. Lawson, and E. Hames won out in the College curling championship. Grade XII won the Cuspidor Hockey by defeating Third Year in the final game at the Amphitheatre rink. The Athletic banquet, held in the Junior Library in Wesley College, was a fitting climax to a wonderful year. Nearly one hundred athletes attended the banquet at which the trophies were presented to the captains of the winning teams by Dean Anderson. The individual awards and the senior and junior letters were presented by Cleve Gerry. Prof. A. R. Cragg acted as chairman. The year 1936-37 was very fine for Wesley College and with your support we hope to do as well or even better in the future. I wish to thank all the students for their support and co-operation throughout the year and to congratulate them on their achievements. CLEVE GERRY, Physical Director. [37] UNITED COLLEGES DRAMATIC EXECUTIVE Back Row-Morton Parker, Margaret Riddell, Andrew Eustace, Jim Humphries, Peggy Young, Eddy Parker. Front Row-Margaret McCulloch, Jack Barker, Molly Rogers, Prof. A. L. Phelps, Lilia Petursson. . Missing-Reginald Bundy, W. D'Arcy Dolan, Charles Mackenzie. UNITED COLLEGES ATHLETIC COUNCIL Back Row-Alex. Cairns, Jack Barker, Avard Fryer, Bill Dyke, Stewart Noble, Jim Stewart Mitchell, Ken McKenzie, Gordon Thomas, Lawrence Neil, Harry Fainstein. Middle Row-Ted Sangster, Norma Verner, Helen Marsh, Leonore L. Lytle, Donna King, Joan Dey, Bob Moyse. Front Row-Marion Earle, Gladys Pollard, Cleve Gerry, John McWilliams (President), Marguerite Ross, Kay Garland. Ir'-~'~'~~'~';'~~"'~'~'~'~"";"~'"'~;'~';';:'''''''·· ···..11 ~ •••••••••••••••••••••••••I •• DEBATING YEAR IN REVIEW ••••••••••••••••••••••••• • 11 11•••••••••••••••••••••••••UNITED COLLEGES DEBATING EXECUTIVE Back Row-George Marshall, Bill Lawson, Bill Davis, Fraser Kiersted, Alex. McDiarmid. Middle Row-Grant Smith, Frances Grant, Evelyn Isaacovitch, Bill Paterson, J. Ferguson. Front Row-Marie Graves, Janet Storey, Dr. C. W. Kierstead (Honorary President), A. Murray Smith (President), Margaret McCulloch, Kay MacKay. The United Colleges Debating Society has in the past year completed a satisfactory term of activity. From the opening studentfaculty debate until the' awarding of the inter-class trophy both terms were filled with an increasing number of events. That professors should be "neither heard nor seen" seemed to have been the opinion of the judges who refused to render a decision on the student-faculty debate. The affirmative of the debate was taken by the students, represented by William Paterson and G. Eliott Bolton, while the negative was upheld by Miss E. D. Bowes and Mr. J. W. Pickersgill. Inter-class debating was of a high order, as many topics of vital importance were discussed, commending goodly attendances and [39] much discussion from the floor. The Junior Division was won by First Year, while victors in the Senior series were the doubty divines. The final debate saw fearful frosh sunk in overwhelming defeat before the onslaught of the menacing ministers, represented by A. Murray Smith and another theolog. Gloria in excelsis. The month of February witnessed the annual U. C. - Brandon forensic exhibition, won in both cases by the travelling teams. Messrs. Paterson and Irwin represented the college at home while Misses McCulloch and Badger, the latter a popular parson, caught the train to Brandon. Hearty congratulations are due all four. Outstanding in achievement was the retention of the Dingwall cup, symbolic of supremacy in the interfaculty debating series. This cup having been won for some years in succession by United Colleges "whose lads are great in loud debate" (apologies to W.K.) had, for the past three years reposed undisturbed arid uncontested in our halls. The revival of the series found the trophy secure upon its pedestal, and it may be observed in the lower library upon request, U. C. having once more emerged triumphant against fearful odds. In the interfaculty and regular U. M. S. U. Debating Union debates, United Colleges have been well represented, chiefly by a large number of the rollicking reverends, prominent amongst whom was A. Murray Smith. Half of the travelling debaters in the McGoun Trophy series was made up of students from United Colleges, represented by A. Murray Smith. Congratulations: To the Rev. George Merwin Foster Marshall (a theolog) Past President of the Debating Society and recipient of a debating merit award. To Norma Richmond Law, Lady Stick, for the securing of a debating merit award. Miss Law participated in three interfaculty debates and, although not a theolog, won all three with the assistance of a theolog. To Margaret Annette McCulloch, secretary of the Debating Society and successful in securing a debating merit award. Miss McCulloch was a member of the travelling team to Brandon, in company with a theolog. To William Paterson, who, although not a member of the Theological Society, has been honored by Election to the presidency of the U. C. D. S. [40] ToA. Murray Smith, President of Debating, and Presidentelect of Theology, for his participation in the McGoun Trophy debates. Mr. Smith also has been elected VicePresident of the U. M. -S. U. Debating Union and Secretary of the United Colleges Debating Society. To the Matriculation and First Year Classes, for their series of class debates. All these things being considered, it cannot but be obvious that the United Colleges Debating Society has had a successful year of debating, and expectations are high for at least a partial continuation of this success under the new regime. Nunc dimittis. A. MURRAY SMITH, President. [411 rr···_······ ················· ~.~.~_ _..· ···11 ~ •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••, ••••••••••••• • VOX• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •1 To the student body of 1937-1938, the staff of Vox commends its successors, and begs for them the support and encouragement of all who read the magazine. They will need it for, as has been pointed out on sb many previous occasions, the life of an editor is not a happy one. During the past year, however, there have been comparatively few worries to make the staff prematurely grey. This was, perhaps, due to the fact that lack of a secretary obviated the necessity for minutes, the chief curse of staff meetings. In consequence the only record of the work done this year will be the four issues which have been presented to the student body. Needless to say, all were late, but this has become a tradition with Vox. Gratitude must be expressed not only to the staff, who have been most loyal and, happy situation, frank in their criticism, but also to the contributors. Though they have been badgered, bullied, and on one occasion at least, publicly subjected to grevious insult, all have done their part in creating Volume X. We thank them. "VOX" EDITORIAL BOARD Back Row-Earle Beattie, Reg. W. Bundy, Douglas Irwin, Austin M. Gamble. Middle Row-Prof. A. R. M. Lower (Honorary President), Charles Mackenzie (Editorin- Chief), A. D. Longman (Alumni Editor). Front Row-Margaret McCulloch, Helene Johnstone, Jean Lavender. Missing-Robert J. Leighton, William A. McKay. UNITED COLLEGES SOCIAL COMMITTEE UNITED COLLEGES Back Row-Gordon Barrable. Doris Martin, Alex. Cairns, Margaret Blair, Andy Eustace. Elsie McIntosh, Clifford Hurst. Front Row-Peggy J. Morrison, Lorne Elliot (President), Prof. Watson Kirkconnell (Honorary President), Marion Earle (Vice-President), Avard Fryer (Secretary), Kay Flett. Missing-Bob Ross. UNITED COLLEGES CO-ED EXECUTIVE Back Row-Janet Storey, Helen Marsh, Joy Gooderidge, Margaret Gilchrist, Margaret McCulloch. Front Row-Margaret Riddell, Bea. Lawson (Vice-President), Norma Law (Lady Stick). Mrs. L. F. S. Ritcey (Honorary President), Leonore Lytle (Secretary-Treasurer). [r"'~'~~;'~~":~~"'~';~'~~~~~"~~'::;~~~~"~~~~~~""11 : ~ SOCIAL AND LITERARY COMMITTEE REPORT The Social and year of social activities completed. Consequently I will present the social calendar of the completed year in review. The new college session and the Freshmen were ushered in on October 9th, 1936, with Wesley participating in the Monster Freshman Reception, held at the Royal Alexandra Hotel. For this event Wesley had one of the largest ball-rooms with Harold Greene's Orchestra for its private dance till 10.30 p.m. The Annual Freshman Promenade was a feature of this event. Wesley, after paying its share of the deficit, had a small credit balance. The Wesley Return Dance, under the disguise of the "Coppers' Capers," was held this year on January 8th in the Crystal Ballroom of the Royal Alexandra Hotel, with Harold Green supplying the music. The event was prepared with the greatest economy possible, for that type of dance, and although it was far from being a financial success, reports are that it was a social success worthy of Wesley College. Although it was a financial failure, I would not recommend its discontinuance, but would rather urge that it be retained for I would say that that money outlay benefited Wesley students far more, proportionately, than the Annual Dinner and Dance, also it is practically the only other event planned by the committee which gives experience for planning the Grad's Farewell. Stunt Night was held in Convocation Hall on February 13th with the trophy going to Class '37, though not without very stiff competition. This same stunt was entered in Varsity Varities and acquitted itself creditably. The Annual Skating Party was not held in Convocation Hall this year as previously reported, but at the Wesley Rink and then returning to Convocation Hall for refreshments, sing-song, scuffle, and dance. The Annual Grads' Farewell Dinner and Dance was held Friday, March 19th, at the Royal Alexandra Hotel, with 510 sitting down to dinner. Speeches were exceptionally good and those members of this council who made certain of those speeches are certainly to be highly congratulated on them. After the Dinner, Harold Green and Stewie Chevrier supplied music in the Crystal Suite till the next morning. With ,~his event the duties of the 1936-37 Social [45] Committee terminated. Since all the bills have not yet been received, it is not possible to give a complete financial report, but I have prepared a separate table which, I think, will indicate the financial position of. the Social Committee. It will be noticed that contrary to the Treasurer's statement in last Council meeting, that the Social Committee is not hopelessly beyond its budget, but- rather $75 to $100 below it. I might suggest in this connection that a committee finds its work and worries greatly lightened if at the beginning of the year it is not given a minimum budget, but rather one in which, as was the case this year, it has the opportunity of being economical itself. I would recommend the retaining of all these events, but might suggest that the three major events be distributed among the three large hotels as was the custom several years ago. In this connection it might be observed whether those we patronize advertise in our publications. I would recommend that Council foster more of the small social events held in the College, such as Skating Party, and even the suggestion was made of a small New Year's Eve Party. I further wish to praise the individual members of the Social Committee to Council, for almost without exception, they have worked unstintingly and energetically, and in this connection special mention should be made of our Vice-President, Marian Earle, our Secretary, Avard Fryer, and of the new Social President, Kay Flett, who won unanimous approval when she was elected. To Kay and her committee I wish a very successful season next year, and express the hope that they may find as much enjoyment and pleasure in the execution of their duties as the retiring committee has found. In conclusion I wish to thank those members of the committee and of the Council who so readily loaned their assistance towards preparing a successful social season, and also to express appreciation to the general student body for their participation in these events prepared by the Social Committee. Respectfully submitted, LORNE J. C. ELLIOTT, President, Social Committee, 1936-37. II " ' Open all night 1VI00re s-- including Sunday [46] ;.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• '11 .. II COED ASSOCIATION II ;.................................................. COED ASSOCIATION .....................................................................................• Coed activities during the past year have been characterized by a spirit of enthusiastic co-operation and unity on the part of the young women of Wesley College. We, of the 1936-37 executive, feel that their interest has made this report possible. Over a hundred freshettes and Grade XII coeds were welcomed at a "Children's Party," held the beginning of the fall term. Rompers and hair-ribbons, games and nursery rhymes contributed to the hilarity of an occasion which completely shattered senior dignity and freshman fright. The annual Coed Banquet and Stunt Night was an outstanding event of October. Second term saw preparations for a "Tulip Tea," given in aid of the Alumnae Bursary Fund. The women's organizations, affiliated with this faculty, cooperated splendidly with us, and the coeds of every year were eager in their acceptance of invitation responsibility. As a result the success of this function exceeded our highest expectations. . There have been others and less conspicuous events in the coed calendar, but perhaps these few highlights will suffice in what purposes to be but a brief review of a busy year. We have participated actively in the program of the U. M. S. U. Women's Association-the sponsoring system, the Fall Hike, the Coeds' Ball from which Wesley girls carried off the Chorus Trophy, the Coed Debate, the "Manitoban" with the headline, and the annual banquet. To all these events we have given our whole-headed support and have in return received those benefits of mutual understanding and friendship which result from interfaculty co-operation. To a loyal and energetic executive, this year's Lady Stick wishes to express sincere appreciation. The Social Committee, too, deserves particular recognition for its untiring efforts throughout the whole year-Jessie Blackwood (convenor), Marion Earle, Norma Dow, Helen Thompson, and Peggy Donnelly. To Janet Storey and her executive, who entertained so capably in honor of the graduates last March, we extend our best wishes for success in 1937-38. NORMA LAW, Lady Stick. [47] r"~'~::'~'~'~"~';"~~~:~"~'~~'~"~~~';~;';;'~~'~'~'~';~'~';;""'l L J SUMMARY OF MEN'S CLUB ACTIVITIES, 1936-37 The Men's Colleges) came into being in 1936, under the able leadership of George Thurston. Previously, because of the three distinct divisions of Arts, Theology, and Collegiate, the men of the College were necessarily separated from easily contacting members of each of the divisions. The Men's Club is the link which can join the men of these separate departments into one body. During the last year the Men's Club was not as well publicized among the student body as it might have been. We sincerely hope, however, that a foundation was laid which will allow for a strong organization to be built in the life of the College. At the beginning of the year a Freshman's hike was held, which proved quite helpful for those present. Many of the chaps got to know men in their year whom they had not known previously and they heard some excellent advice proferred to them by some of the professors. In second term we held a Men's Banquet in the lower library and all members present seemed to enjoy themselves. We hope that following the precedent of the last two years a Men's banquet will become an annual get-together of all the men of the student body for an evening's entertainment. In closing this brief summary, I want to extend best wishes to the new 1937-1938 Men's Club executive. We know that the club will grow into a strong organization to foster friendship and cooperation among the men and through them to bring strength and support to the interests of the College as a whole. H. ANDREW LAWRENCE, '37, President. For a Superior Haircut BOULEVARD BARBER SHOP 477 PORTAGE AVE. (Just west of Colony St.) FIRST CLASS BARBERS Pictures, Frames and Calendars lir4aritauu iru!l. ~aUtrit!l Phone 37496 [48] 332 MAIN ST. PHONE 96851 ............, , .. II Review of Awards Committee, 1936-1937 I ......................................................................................................................................~.. At the close of the College year, awards were presented to deserving students for work in the various extra curricular activi, ties of the College for executive ability, for achievements in athletics, dramatics and debating. The following is the list of the awards presented: 7 Athletic Merit Awards and Scrolls. 7 Executive Merit Awards and Scrolls. 3 Debating Awards. 3 Dramatic Awards. 40 Junior and Senior Athletic Certificates. 34 Junior and Senior Athletic Letters. 5 Bowling Prizes. 4 Curling Prizes. 2 Crests for Inter-Class Track Meet. 1 Tennis Cup. 1 Golf Cup. In all quite an imposing list of awards for College activities, to say nothing of the awards won by various students and teams in interfaculty debating and athletics. May the student body of United Colleges continue to do as well in its extra-curricular activities and at the same time maintain the high standard achieved by the students in the regular curricular work. H. ANDREW LAWRENCE, '37, Chairman. KENNEDY BROS. :Butchers CHOICE MEATS, FISH, POULTRY ·.<)11-------------'.. SAUSAGE OUR SPECIALTY ..~--_._---------,(>.. 569 Ellice Avenue [49J Phone 33213 FACE READING IN THE LIBRARY By C.' WE have been reading that little book on face reading. You know -how to tell a man or a woman, by their facial characteristics and the way they do things. So we thought we'd try it in the library with our fellow beings as subjects-or objects. We scan the faces for something interesting to start on. Most of them must be two-faced, we decided, and they are wearing the face we couldn't read even if we were more experienced. The ones who aren't chewing gum or talking in an audible whisper are buried in "Manitobans." And the book dealt with faces in repose and nothing was said about those in motion. There seemed to be only the latter kind on hand. One conclusion was easily drawn. Tuesdays and Fridays are poor days to study faces in the library. You can't observe much through a "Manitoban." But suddenly our attention is held by a young man in the corner. Alone he sits-alone-and no "Manitoban," no chewing gum, nothing ,but quietness and peace. His body is carefully relaxed in the approved manner. And on his face there is a look of deepest concentration. Surely it must be Shakespeare or Aristotle who brought that look into his face. We made a mental note to look him up for scholarships. Truly life for him was real and earnest. We HAD to find out what he read, and so we sauntered past his chair-carefully, softly, so as not to disturb his mood. But he was in a trance too deep to hear our size twelve with the good-as-new squeak. Over his shoulder we read "Western Story," for the current week. Weare disillusioned. So we concentrate on the filial affection displayed on all sides of us. Most of them must be German-for "Oh, Mutter, Mutter," sounds from every corner. And the heart of us grows bitter within us. There is the student who can't study unless he's alone, and there is the one who needs a member of the opposite sex to excite his mentality. There is the one who makes notes in his book and the one who draws faces on the table. There is the one who talks, the one who uses pantomime, the one who day-dreams and the dozens who giggle. It's a queer place, but the queerest fact of all is the fact that the student who often can remember nothing but the color of the book he signed out and the one who wanders around with his notes on one table, his books on another while he aimlessly wanders around often gets the best results. A funny business-« absorbing knowledge. [50] UNITED COLLEGES TRACK TEAM Back Row-Hugh McFadden. Norm. McEwan. Harold Lacey. Carl Olafson. Bill Davis. . Warren Carlton. Lawrence Neil. Middle Ro'W-Harry Fainstein, Norma Verner. Marcia Voorheis. Cleve Gerry. Gladys Pollard. Jean Thompson. Max Kantorovich, Jack Barker Max Kantorovieh, Jack Barker. Front Row~Helen Marsh. Leonore Lytle. Missing-Ernie McEwan. Ted Cohen. Breta Powles. UNITED COLLEGES JUNIOR SOCCER Back Row-Ted Sangster. Morten Parker. Jim Mitchell. Bert Ruccius, George Reynolds Bert Ruecius, Charles McBride. Andy Eustace. Front Row-Howard Woodsworth. Marino Anderson. Bill McTavish, Paul Long, Wilf. Book Book. UNITED COLLEGES JUNIOR HOCKEY Back Row-Harold Cousens, Bill Dyke, Charles McBride, Ron. Musgrove, Avard Fryer. Middle Row-Owen Weightman, Tom Millar, Harold Lacey, Charlie Lorimer. Missing-Lee Carroll, Marino Anderson. UNITED COLLEGES JUNIOR A BASKETBALL Jim Mitchell, Ray Mark, Ed Galovan, Charles Lorimer, Bob Moyse, Stan Scott, Alex. Cairns. Missing-Graham Pincock. UNITED COLLEGES SENIOR SOCCER Back Row-Ray Mark, Ian Sinclair, Bill Davis, John McWilliams, Lawrence Neil. Middle Row-Alex. Cairns, Cleve Gerry, Charlie Lorimer, Norman McEwan. Front Row-Phil Jones, Harry Fainstein. Missing-Tom Saunders, Ernie McEwan. UNITED COLLEGES RUGBY TEAM Back Row-Dave Serebrin, Dick Mahoney, Bill McKay, Jim Mitchell, Warren Carleton, Jack Ross, Ross McDiarmid. ' Middle Row-Charles MacDonald, Norman Christie, Bob Moyse, Harold Cousens, Cliff Comrie, Avard Fryer. Front Row-Cleve Gerry. Bill Anderson, Jim Passalis (Coach). Norm. White. Ken MacKenzie. Missing-Don Hagel, Gordon Thomas, Alfred Pratt, Gordon Lucas, Robert J. Leighton. Bruce Hunter, Ab. Riley. UNITED COLLEGES CO-ED JUNIOR I BASKETBALL Ona Thompson, Leonore Lytle, Helen Marsh, Ruth Guinn, Isobel Grierson, Margaret Riddell, Dorothy Shumway. Missing-Alexa Swan. UNITED COLLEGES CURLING Standing-Norman Christie, Ross McDiarmid, Avard Fryer, Tom Henderson, Ken MacKenzie, Royden Lee, Bill Dodd, Ross Homer, Rod Hunter, Bill McTavish, Harold Couzens, Jack Barker. Sitting-Marion Earle, Joan Dey, Helen Marsh, Jean Babb. UNITED COLLEGES CO-ED HOCKEY Ona Thompson, Helen Marsh, Elaine Wardrop, Gladys Pollard, Cleve Gerry A Complete Service • ARTISTS PHOTO-ENGRAVERS COMMERCIAL PHOTOGRAPHERS ELECTROTYPERS STEREOTYPERS WAX-ENGRAVERS • Special Department to handle and advise in the compiling of Collegiate PeriodicalsYear Books-Programmes, Etc. • Telephone 23 850 - 9 290 VAUGHAN ST. WINNIPEG JOHN McWILLIAMS MURRAY SMITH DOUGLAS FRASER MOLLY ROGERS LORNE ELLIOTT President Athletics President Debating Secretary of Council President Dramatics Pres. Social and Lit. A. GRANT SMITH REG. W. BUNDY Brown and Gold Rep. Manitoba Rep. JANET STOREY JESSIE BLACKWOOD MARGARET RIDDELL BEATRICE LAWSON Jun. Rep. Women's Ass'n Sen. Rep. Co-eds Ass'n Jun. Rep. Co-eds Ass'n Vice-Pres. Co-eds CHARLES MACKENZIE ROD O. HUNTER NORMA R. LAW ALISTER McDIARMID Editor of Vox Senior Stick Lady Stick Vice-Pres. Collegiate AUSTIN M. GAMBLE G. ELLIOTT BOLTON WM. PATERSON JIM HUMPHRIES Treasurer Sen. U.M.S.U. Rep. Jun. U.M.S.U. Rep. Pres. Collegiate TOM SAUNDERS ANDREW LAWRENCE MR. L. F. S. RITCEY WM. LAWSON JOHN MCNABB President Theology Pres. Fourth Year Faculty Rep. Pres. Third Year Pres. First Year STUDENT COUNCIL [56] Ir······_···········..···········~·~·~·~·~·~·~·····~·~·~··~ ..~··;·~························ ..····1 ;.••••••••••••••••••• r ••••••••••••••••••••••••• STUDENT COUNCIL •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.; The economy virus, now so prevalent amongst executive organIzations, apparently attacked the 1936-37 Council, with emaciating results for the budget. Council recovered, however, and its convalescence was hastened by the discovery, that, thanks to its selfdenial, it had somewhat more funds than usual to distribute to various "worthy causes" for permanent improvements to the College. Although it economized in financial fields, Council preserved intact that foundation of democracy, the right of free speech. The student body may rest assured that each point of action was healthily sunned and aired before being decided upon. Rod Hunter, Senior Stick, was able to keep councillors from each other's throats, and greatly reduced the number of casualties attributable to elastic bands. All councillors were more or less alert even at 1 a.m., and nobody stood to their posts throughout the constitutional quibblings and oratorical circumlocutions of our home-grown Solon and Solomon. Council was reduced, though not to tears, by the abolition of the position of "Manitoban" representative. The new policy of the "Brown and Gold" was frowned upon with full senatorial dignity, but seems to have survived. Final Council meetings seem to be a most popular institution: it is suggested that in future they be made more frequent. D. M. FRASER, Secretary. ]I ~ , Open all night IV100re S -- including Sunday [57] rr·······························..·~·;·~··~·;·~··;·· ..;·~····~:·~·;··~·········· ...·····················il !"•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• STORIES IN MUSIC •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••! PROGRAMME music, describing something or other, is much in vogue with modern composers. Take a locomotive, for instance; can that be described by an orchestra? Yes, it has been done by Honegger in his extraordinary tone poem, "Pacific 231." The noisy, puffing engine has not been described to perfection-but why not go down to the railway station and hear it, instead of listening to it at a symphony concert? It shows, however, how clever our modern composers are in the way of producing noise instead of music. The composers of today have a vast store of musical materials from which to select their means of expression. In the first place they have all the conventional formulae which were invented by the fathers of the art. But, in addition to these, they have the enormous sweep and variety of modern harmony and the georgeous tonal palette of the modern orchestra. Haydn and Mozart found it possible to say all that they had to say with two flutes, two oboes, two bassoons, two horns, two trumpets, tympani, and the usual distribution of stringed instruments played with bows. In their later works they introduced clarinets. The symphonic composer of today equips himself with a piccolo, three flutes, two oboes, an English horn, four clarinets, a bass clarinet, a double-bass clarinet, three bassoons, a contra-bassoon, eight horns, two tubas, kettle drums, snare-drums, triangle, bells, gongs, six harps, and many stringed instruments. Sometimes even these are insufficient, and the composer introduces instruments not recognized as musical at all. Richard Strauss, for example, has borrowed the wind machine of the theatre to realize a storm in his tone-poem "Don Quixote." With such means of experimentation it is not at all astonishing that the composers of today produce wierd and wonderful results. If we turn back about two hundred and fifty years, what do we find? Johann Kuhnau (1660-1722) had a use for program music. His "Bible Sonatas" are curious and interesting. In these six compositions for the clavier (the piano of his day) he tries to describe such events as the battle of David and Goliath, the dissipation of Saul's melancholy by the power of music, the marriage of Jacob, etc.' He wrote an interesting preface to his music, explaining his aims and defending this type of composition. He tells us of a remarkable [58] piece of program music by one of his predecessors. This composition was entitled "La Medica" and described the sufferings of a sick man,· the attentions of the physician, and the progress of the illness. At the end came a gigue marked in the score with "The patient is progressing favorably, but not quite recovered his health." And this failure to reach complete recovery was indicated by a persistent postponement of a carefully prepared modulation in harmony! Kuhnau proceeded logically. He admitted that only the broad emotions could be published by music, and that a textual explanation was necessary when anything else was attempted. The calm confidence with which Kuhnau embarked upon the task of describing the conflict between David and Goliath is delightful. This terrible struggle is written for the clavier, a very tinkly and light instrument as compared with our piano.. For the same purpose Richard Strauss would need an orchestra of not less than one hundred and twenty-five men. The great Bach was guilty of one attempt at programme music in his "Capriccio On the Departure of My Dearly Beloved Brother." In this he depicts the arguments of friends trying to persuade him to give up the journey, the dangers of the journey, laments of companions saying adieu, and winds up with a cheerful figure on the posthorn call. At about the same time Couperin composed a set of pieces called "The Pilgrims," and Rameau was writing "La Poule" and "The Cyclops." These last two composers tried to describe almost everything in music. Many of their compositions are to be had in the University Library. "Les Clavecinistes francais" and a volume of Rameau contain many beautiful works. These old writers of programme music formulated no theories, wrote naturally, not forcedly, as do the greater number of the modern writers. Ernest Newman, the great English critic and champion of modernism in music, asks, "Who would believe that a windmill . could be represented in music? Yet-Strauss' windmill in 'Don Quixote' is really extraordinarily clever and satisfying." The same "Don Quixote" is the most clever and complicated piece of musical realism invented in these times. And yet, all this has been attempted before. For example, Don Quixote, seeing an empty boat, is sure that it has been sent by magic for his benefit. Once he and Sancho are afloat, the knight's theme becomes a barcarolle. The boat capsizes and the two swim ashore. Froberger, who died in 1667,wrote for the clavier a description of Count von Hum's passage on the Rhine, in which all the dangers encountered by him [59] are described in twenty-six little tone-pictures. And the Count's boat upsets, too! In his "Symphonia Domestica," Strauss went still further into musical realism. He told the story of a day in his family life, using three principal themes, representing Papa, Mama, and the Baby. In this remarkable tone poem one even hears the baby spanked! But hadn't Kuhnau described the striking of Goliath's head by the stone from David's sling? The weakness of programme music is that it means little without its story. In short, many people can write programme music that is worth while, but it takes a genius to write pure music that is worth while. [601 r·.······:·······_······:~::~;····:~~:·~·:~·~~~···········_····:·· .··"[1 ~••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ALUMNI ALUMNAEQUE •••••••••••••••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •••••••••••••• In-the special Historical Number of Vox, published in January, the names of former editors were listed. Among these was that of Earl P. Scarlett, '16, now a prominent Calgary physician. Dr. Scarlett's interest and skill as an essayist have not been allowed to lie idle because of the pressure of preoccupations of professional duties. He has submitted many articles to the Canadian Medical Association Journal. A number of these, forming a series, have recently been published under the title, "Medicine and Poetry." The editor of volume 16, Rev. George Dorey, '12, of Regina, has recently been appointed by the United Church of Canada as secretary of Home Missions. * * * * The marriage of Dr. George M. Furnival, '29, and Marion Marguerite Fraser of St. Thomas, North Dakota, was solemnized in St. Luke's church on March 8, Canon Bertal Heeney officiating. The bridegroom was attended by his brother, W. Evans R. Furnival, '29. Dr. and Mrs. Furnival will reside at Lochalsh, Ont., where Dr. Furnival is employed by The O'Brien Mining Company. A * * * * The births of the following sons of graduates have been reported to Vox since the publication of the last issue: To Mr. L. G. Bishop and Mrs. Bishop (Mary Davidson, '28), in London, England, in June last-Nigel James. To. Mr. B. Harold Stinson, '31, and Mrs. Stinson, in Wawanesa, on October 19, 1936-David James Harold. To. Mr. Bruce J. McKitrick, '29, and Mrs. McKitrick, at the Winnipeg General Hospital, on December 11, 1936-Allan George. To. Rev. R. J. Love, '30, and Mrs. Love, at Port Simpson, B.C., on March 4, 1937-Robert Davidson. To Rev. George A. McMillan, Theo. '34, and Mrs. McMillan, of Miniota, Man., at the Winnipeg General Hospital, on March 21Donald Gordon. * * * * Ernest T. Leech, K.C., '01, on February 18, was re-elected chairman of the Industrial Development Board of Manitoba. [61] J. K. Sparling, K.C., '93, upon retiring from active scouting after nearly twenty years in active association with the Boy Scouts, was awarded the Silver Acorn, the second highest award in scouting. * * * * On March 21, after a very short illness, occurred the death of Mr. Arthur E. Hearn, '98, principal of Aberdeen School since 1903. Mr. Hearn, a graduate of Manitoba College, was an outstanding leader in the educational development of this province and in the community life of Winnipeg for nearly forty years. His son, Gordon Hearn, graduated from Wesley College in 1934. * * * A special honor has just come to a member of Class '34 in the person of Austin L. Wells who was recently received as Doctor of the University of Paris. His thesis concerned the Bronte sisters, particularly the European interest and influence in their work. In the preface to his published work, copies of which have arrived in Winnipeg, he expresses his gratitude to several of his professors, naming Professor Jean-Marie Carre, of the Sorbonne; Paul de Reul, of the University of Brussels, and Victor Leathers and Arthur L. Phelps, of Wesley College in the University of Manitoba. Dr. Wells and his wife are returning to Canada in May. VISIT ... :J3rathwaite S FOUNTAIN, TEA ROOM PORTAGE AT VAUGHAN Two blocks east of the College BANK AT THE ROYAL BANK OF CANADA PORTAGE and GOOD BRANCH WINNIPEG II ff ' Open all night lVlOOre S-- including Sunday [62] An Interesting Fact Grace Moore's Secretary was a student of the Dominion Business College, Winnipeg, just two years ago! "Not failure, but low aim is crime." DOMINION BUSINESS COLLEGE THE MALL ELMWOOD ST. JAMES ST. JOHN'S A going away present of a fine Watch, Ring _or Brooch purchased from Feldsted's will always be cherished. Come in and see our complete line of Quality Jewellery. :J3on CVoyage • • • Quality Jewellers Enjoying the Confidence of those who know. 447 PORTAGE AVE., Opp. the "Bay" PHONE 26224 Scott- Bathgate Company Ltd. McCormick's Biscuits and Confectionery Nutty Club Salted Peanuts THINK. ! You actually save from 1Il5 to 1Il10 BUY FROM FRANK McCOMB Suits Tailored to Measure $18 to $25 FRANK McCOMB Formerly Scanlan & McComb 403 PORTAGE AVENUE Compliments of , .. wqr lIalliugfnrb Jrr!l6 • Phone 213611 /Recapture 79hat fJ{appy event . Whether it be Wedding, Graduation or Anniversary, a fine Photograph will keep it forever fresh in your memory. GAUVIN, GENTZEL CO. Photo81'aphel's :: CA.l'tists PHONE 24487 515 AVENUE BUILDING Information and literature on Canadian Pacific service to Hono!u!u, A ustra!ia. New Zealand. China, Japan, Manila. gladly supplied. A Summer Holiday TOUR of EUROPE! For the grandest vacation of your whole life, tour Europe this summer with an organized party of congenial companions, personally conducted by experienced World travellers. Travelroyally, on a large, modern Canadian Pacific Atlantic liner. Deck games, dancing, talkies, parties, splendid meals, all in a -friendly atmosphere. ASK ABOUT INEXPENSIVE STUDENT TOURS Secure literature. maps and further information from your local travel agent. or W. C. CASEY, Steamship General Passenger Agent. C.P.R. Bldg., Winnipeg. Phones 92458 -7. The EATON Portrait Studio - features good quality portraits at popular prices. Among the attractive offers are- Offer No.1 Six Portraits, ,lize 4 by 6 inches, in easel folder 7 by 10 inches and 1 large portralt in frame. All for- 55.00 Offer No.2 Six Portraits, size 3 by 4~~ Jnches, in smart easel mount. All for- 53.00 Offer No.3 Three large POrtraits. size 7 by 9 inches, nicely mounted. All for- 55.00 Portrait Studlo, Seventh Floor, Portage "BUSINESS EDUCATION" University students may combine business education with their academic studies by taking. "Success" instruction during spare class periods. We admit into our Day Classes only students of Grade XI (supplements accepted) and higher standing. MONTHLY ENROLLMENT PLAN Full-day attendance-Cost $15.00 Half-day attendance-Cost $1.0.00 Quarter-day attendance-Cost $5.00 Evening School attendance--Cost $5.00 Select from the Followina: Shorthand, Typewriting, Accounting, Business Correspondence, Commercial Law, Penmanship, Arithmetic, Spelling, Economics, Business Organization, Money and Banking, Secretarial Science, Library Science, Comptometer, Personality Development, Salesmanship. Call for an Interview,. Write U. or Phone 25843 • BUSINESS COLLEGE Pol1ap Ave. at Edmonton St. WINNIPEG (Bm ktlO1Dn for ttl Thorough ltutTUcticm)
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Rating | |
Title | Vox 1937 June |
Description | The June 1937 edition of Vox. |
Publisher | Wesley College |
Date | 1937-06 |
Format | |
Language | English |
Full text | Vol. X Vox Box JUNE, 1937 UNITED COLLEGES WINNIPEG, MANITOBA WINNIPEG, ~BA No.4 EVERYTHING FOR THE STUDENT • Whether it is a pencil, a notebook, or a textbook, the Book Department is ready to supply your class-room wants. This department is operated by the University for the college students of Winnipeg. Prices are kept at the minimum. • Have you seen the new model Zipper Notebooks with "eye ease" paper? They are the student sensation of the year. The Book Department's exclusive loose leaf notebooks all have the new paper. • Remember - prices are always the lowest possible. UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA ·BOOK DEPARTMENT TWO STORES: Broadway Bldg., Winnipeg Arts Bldg., Fort Carry "VOX" EDITORIAL BOARD 1936-37 • Honorary President .:. -:-._._,_._ _ A. R. M. LOWER, M.A., Ph.D. Editor-in-Chief·...._ _"'-'•.:._.;...._..__._..__ __._..CHARLES MACKENZIE, '37 Associate Editor _ _ -"_. .._.~ ROBERT J. LEIGHTON, Theo. WILLIAM A. MCKAY .. MARGARET MCCULLOCH, '37 Bu IIetm· .Board Edl'ot rs .•,:.•__ Alumni Editor _..'-._ _._._ _A. D. LONGMAN, B.A. Business Manager _._..~ _._ _._._._, _.AUSTIN GAMBLE, '37 Circulation Manager _.._ .._._ _ _R. W. BUNDY, '37 Class Representatives '37 HELEN JOHNSTONE '39 JEAN LAVENDER '38 DOUGLAS IRWIN '40 JAMES DOW Matriculation-EARLE BEATTIE VOL. X JUNE,1937 CONTENTS No.4 PAGB Editorial . .__. . ..-"c~_. c. c__._.________________________ 3 J azz ._~ . ~ ._- : ._____ 7 Poetry .__. : . . ._.. ._______________________ 11 A Step Towards Canadian Nationalism __. . ~ .__ 1~ Has Labor a National Boundary? . . .. . . 13 Nonsense in English Verse .__.__.__.;... . ._____ 17 Sir James Matthew Barrie, a.M. _. ._.. ._c • •• 23 Conferring of Degrees in Theology ._. . c 28 And So He Entered Law .__. . . 30 Face Reading in the Library . ~ . . .__..__ 50 Alumni Alumnaeque _..__. . ... .__. .____________ 63 THE PIER-GIMLI, MAN. -...:==-: -~ ---- -.-:. --------_-.--- _... - -.----,:--,-----~.;.--- _!:~~=- -: ;;;: ~ '" :5:'E.::..:: ----=;..:o.. e _=-:_.".~ ~ -... - -"'"- IJ, ...._-_. _ ~ --- -_. .:::::::..-.:..---- "'-=-~~I __- - MARGARET MCCULLOCH, '37. editorial OPPORTUNITIES AND WALNUTS The late Sir James M. Barrie, in his address upon being made a burgess of Dumfries, spoke of the Spanish proverb: "God gives us walnuts when we have no .teeth to crack them." This, he said, is only a half truth; and gave as another definition of genius, "To know how best to crack your walnuts." There is a great deal behind this thought. Many things are given to men who can make use of them -who have not the wherewithal to develop their gifts. The man of genius who has no teeth with which to crack his walnuts, improvises a nut-cracker; and opens them so as to get the most out of them. Joseph Conrad came to England at the age of twenty-four, a young Pole, knowing not a word of English. Today he remains as one of the greatest stylists in the whole range of English prose literature, which is as much as to say, in the whole world's literary scope. Conrad had a walnut that was difficult to crack, but his genius overcame his obstacles gloriously. From Barrie's interpretation of the proverb we get the thought: God has done his part in providing the opportunity; the rest is for man. * * * * THE UNIVERSITY STUDENT AND THE WORLD IT IS about this time of year that many university students begin to give serious thought to their future. Behind, them lie the years of preparation, for the most part happy and carefree; before them stretches the world, appalling in its immensity, as contrasted with their comparative insignificance. It has observed that a University education has unsettling effects; that it arouses within its possessor desires for the finer things of life, and a great aversion to mediocrity. It is the fear of many that the years of their college course have been wasted, in that they might have been better spent in gaining the practical experience of men and affairs which can only come from practical contact with the world. But the abstract benefits of a college course are immeasurable in their value. The "trained mind" of the college man is becoming more and more necessary to success in the world of business. Aside from this argument, there is the satisfaction derived from university training by those who regard education as an end in itself, and not merely as a means to an end. It is an unsympathetic outlook which the average university graduate must face as he steps out into this world. He is popularly supposed-perhaps, in some cases, with justification-to be con- [3] ceited out of all proportion to his attainments; he is generally filled with high ideals, and imbued with the spirit of supreme self-confidence. Yet who can blame him for this attitude? In the words of Lord Birkenhead, "the world still continues to offer glittering prizes to those who have stout hearts and sharp swords"-words that have been decried by pacifists and reformers, but which are nevertheless true and will be so while human nature is what it is. Life has been compared variously to a pilgrimage, a voyage,' and a battle; and each of these comparisons implies difficulties with which to contend, obstacles to surmount. It is the man with the stout heart and the sharp sword who will emerge triumphant, for it is in the conquering of trials and misfortunes that character is formed. CONTRIBUTORS CHESTER DUNCAN, '34 WILLIAM McKAY, Theo. IAN D. SINCLAIR, '37 MORTON PARKER, '40 CLARENCE JOHNSON '38 ELSIE COUSINS ALL SUB-COMMITTEE HEADS All photographs supplied through the courtesy of Harold B. Stringer, Editor-in-Chief of "Brown and Gold." [4J VAILEIDllCllOI~Y VALEDICTORY Delivered by Ian D. Sinclair to the Graduating Arts on the occasion ofthe Annual Dinner, Royal Alexandra Hotel, Friday, March 19, 1937. Graduating Class Mr. President, Members of the Faculty, Ladies and Gentlemen. FIRST, I would like to thank the members of my class who have chosen me Valedictorian: Upon me has been conferred a great honor and it will be my purpose to attempt to express in some measure the thoughts of uswho are about to say "farewell." To say that we leave with regret is merely expressing a selfevident fact. Wesley has become a very real part of our lives. YO\! can understand our difficulty in saying "good-bye." However, we may perhaps be allowed to take some measure of comfort from the reflection that we have memories of the every day meetings in hall and classroom, class functions, stunt nights, athletics, which we shall always carry with us and which will become more treasured and more significant as time passes. Class '37, as you all know, is a remarkable class. So remarkable that it has succeeded on a number of occasions of becoming "front page" news. But this I would like you to know, if among us there are those who balance books upon their heads, there are also those who balance books within their heads. Moreover, if among our members there exist people with elements of superficiality who dash headlong into the forming of clubs and associations they, as is their due, have received the praise and publicity of the press and at the same time the just condemnation of the saner element of '37. . To those of you who are remaining, may I say this-among your number are many whom we look upon as our closest friends, and if Wesley had done nothing more than to have made our acquaintance into a friendship it would have accomplished something which seems to us to be "great." We know that our friendship will continue because we have a common interest in the more worthwhile things of life. To the men and women under whose guidance and direction we have been, may we express our most profound thanks for their r 5] interest and their encouragement. And we wish them to know their sacrifices have been appreciated, realizing as we do that on many instances we have encroached upon their private time and the pursuit of their private interests. One of the most unfortunate things in our eyes incident to our graduation is that our association with these most learned and respected citizens will through necessity be less intimate. Four years ago we entered Wesley College in a manner best described as tentative and experimental. In a short time we will leave having been cautiously, gradually and intelligently developed. We have learned many things at Wesley-many things. But two seem to be outstanding. First-We have come to recognize that our fundamental responsibility is the correct functioning of our judgments. Weare prepared to accept that responsibility and we hold it unnecessary to continually point out to intelligent men and women where, to whom, and in what their duties lie. Secondly-We have acquired an increased reverence for truth and reality and have made of these our touchstones of worthiness. In the light of this conception, we view with disdain the utterances of certain world figures in politics and finance who have as their primary purpose the aggrandisement of narrow interests. We are searching for ideals and aspirations which become harmonious and intimate by their appeal to common sense. This I believe to be the attitude and purpose of '37. We have succeeded in laying a foundation. The solidness of that foundation is in many cases due to those who sit to my right and to my left. And we trust that the structure which we will build will reflect with credit on the institution and its members with whom we have had the honor and privilege of a four-year association. Our lives, our thoughts, our personalities are deeper and richer due to the influence of United Colleges. The co-operation, the understanding, which we have had, has become the root and the fruit of an abiding friendship. [6] JAZZ By CHESTER DUNCAN I AM the last person who should be writing an article on jazzl Its mumbo-jumbo seriousness, which I have always suspected, is unexampled. I have never been a member of a jazz orchestra. I have never felt myself exhilarated, lifted, by a brilliant "lick" on the trumpet or an extravagant piano "break." I do not participate in the strange happiness which the jazz-be shares with no other human being. But then, mystic pleasures generally pass me by. Yet scoffing at jazz is like scoffing at the moon. It exists, it moves, it always has a comeback; it is as sacrosanct as the Oxford Group and a good deal more powerful. It vanishes like dandelion before the sickle of highbrow criticism and bobs up in a hundred other places to mock the mower. All of which probably shows that there is a lot more to this jazz business than the "average music-lover" cares to think about, except when he has had dreams. J. B. Priestley says in "They Walk in the City": "If the future historian of our age does not devote a section of his work -to the consideration of these dance tunes, he will not know his business. . . . Strictly considered as pieces of music they are contemptible (the orthodoxy of the average writer's views on music is really charming) . . . but their influence upon human destinies must be so staggeringly vast that no contemporary mind could estimate it." Can anyone doubt it? Jazz rhythms, ideas, philosophy seriously affect, some would say infect, our lives. Every day and night hundreds of thousands of radios and gramaphones all over the world are blaring out their message. Even on the street it is hard to escape them. We eat and drink them in our advertisements. The movies are full of them and we are full of the movies. They are affecting our literature. I am not condemning all this, at least yet. I am merely saying that jazz must be considered as one of the most powerful influences on the life of this age. It remains to say whether it is a salutary or a degrading one. That will be easier to decide after closer examination. What is jazz? Like most other things one gets angry about, it has never been satisfactorily defined. I am certainly not going to be enticed into defining it here. The best I can do is to say a little about its more striking features. First of all, what are the origins of jazz? Well, it must be obvious to everyone that it has a very definite connection with this continent. Ragtime, for a long time a phenomenon of the United States, was first played by jazz bands of negroid per- [7] sonnel. This' has prompted sentimentalists to find the orrgm of jazz in the primeval, or perhaps just evil, depths of the African forests. Anything which by its vulgarity and sensuality could be proved to have a connection with the oldest continent was, of course, le dernier eri in the twentieth century's search for the primitive and elemental. That the negro, after a couple of centuries on American soil was a vastly different creature from his ancestor, was a fact completely ignored. Constant Lambert, in an article in the Listener, quoted Paul Morand on this point. Morand was occupied for some time in discovering the tastes in music of various types of African negro. He invariably found that although the natives became visibly excited when they heard Stravinsky or Russian folksongs, which are full of the most complicated rhythmical devices) they took no interest in recordings of jazz music, which is rhythmically relatively simple. And when we remember that one of the most important things in jazz is harmony and that Dr. von Hornbostel, in the whole of his researches on African music, found only one example of harmony in our Western sense and that was in a comic song about the local missionary, where the natives put in chords at the end to parody the lugubrious effect of his harmonium, any vital connection between the two becomes impossible. The film, "Sanders of the River" with its alternating authenticity (tom-toms, war-dance recitatives, and scenery ( and its counterfeit (half-jazz ballads, philosophy, and Paul Robeson) is an object lesson in Eastern and Western method. In the very first jazz songs a predilection for "juicy" harmony is evident. This can not at this early stage be considered, as do some critics, as the negro composer's awareness of contemporary European trends. 'Indeed in many cases in their untutored way they actually anticipated certain European developments. The early spiritual and blues, whose rich harmonies recalled the negro's beloved nineteenth gospel hymns, were original creations fated to make their mark on European composition. Brahms, of all people, was fascinated by this music and to Debussy and Ravel its impressions seemed fit to print. Delius, who was in his youth a planter in Florida, never forgot the songs he heard there in the cool evenings. It was only later when jazz became a jaded commercial product that Tin Pan Alley began to go to Paris for a post-graduate course. Now there is not a recondite effect known to Delius or Debussy that is not the common property of cultivated jazz composers. Thus, this sign of the waning star of jazz music concealed itself for a while in a method that resembled it in purely sensuous appeal and is being [8] readily adaptable to a sentimental treatment. But music cannot live on isolated harmonic effects. And it was further proved that the way European music was going any continued help from this source was impossible. Except perversely one can hardly be a sentimental atonalist. More important, no doubt, the buying public would never understand it. The first use of the word ragtime appears to be in reference to a piece by Bert Williams, dated 1896, "Oh, I Don't Know, You're Not So Warm." It was distinguished by a constant and obvious use of one of the oldest things in music, syncopation. However, being constant and obvious, it attracted the attention of the public who tempted it into the ballroom. It was an ideal accompaniment for simple dancing. Dr. Goldbery, the American authority, has said: "A silent accent is the strongest of all accents. It forces the body to replace it with a motion." On many people "syncopation" had a drug-like effect and it soon gained such enormous prestige that the post-war years were intoxicated, literally jazz-mad, until "sweet music" and the quieter, more suave accents of "swing" (1936) brought once again a measure of stability and mediocrity. In its exciting first period, jazz ignored the musical resources of the past, demanded and got its own orchestra. Earnest Newman, in a visit to New York in 1925, reviewed the origin of the jazz band. "A blind black musician-one's thoughts run back to Homer-in New Orleans, a newsboy who rejoiced in the name of Stale Bread, gathered about him five good men and true after his own heart, and the holy association was known locally as Stale Bread's Spasm Band." Discoveries in the field of instrumentation, which included both new ways to play instruments and new ways to put them together, have been perhaps the most outstanding contributions of jazz to general musical development. A grotesque treatment of the portamento, especially in wind instruments, the use of bellmutes for wind, and the trombone glissando are just some of the favorite devices in a jazz orchestra. And then, when the fresh inspiration and improvisatory spontaneity of the early jazz was no longer possible. it became necessary to be clever. Method increased in inverse proportion to matter until now the tradition is mechanically preserved by starting off with the music of louts, dressing it up with spicy effects, and serving it in an almost symphonic orchestra, magnificient in skill and intelligent far beyond their heart-breaking task. Only then did it come to be taken seriously by the highbrows and to take itself seriously, to the ruin of its integrity. In "Alice in the Delighted States" Errato declares: "Oh Jazzbo, the things about [9 ] him is that he isn't a Muse at all, and so he has no responsibilities. He doesn't have tobe lofty and artistic and significant." To this delightful simplicity succeeded a top-hat and spats stage, gloomily grinding out insincere gloom as if its very life depended on it, which of course in a sense it did. Jazz of all periods is notable for an almost juvenile simplicity of form and texture. With or without pretensions to intellectuality it has been able to achieve nothing more complex than the old Elizabethan variations on a. ground. One reason for this is the large place improvisation takes in the process. It must be quite obvious that when whole parts of the music are not written down, the result will be bedlam unless the players have clearly defined limits asto what form the arabesque can take. This takes its toll both on, the formal and material aspects of structure. The close association of word-writer and song-writer in the game can be cited as another reason for formal deficiency. By their very nature, by their simplicity of thought and philosophy, emphasized by an extreme brevity, so to speak, of inspiration, jazz lyrics must be simple in form; and the music follows suit. Finally, music for America's dancing cannot be Russian ballet and get away with it. A fellow must be able to hear the tune, not once but many times, enunciated with increasing pep and vigor. Anything so misleading as a musicianly development is therefore strictly taboo. Ja.zz music fitted in excellently with the shadows and velvet of post-war decadence, with the "Waste Land" and Baudelairism. How apt it really can be makes "Twentieth Century Blues" at the end of "Cavalcade" one of the most moving things in modern drama. Some years ago Hitler voiced his opinion that jazz was "an expression of neurasthenia, debilitating to youth exposed freely to its down-grade influence." Certainly it would not survive, or if you like has not survived, the advent of an optimist philosophy, or even a relative rebirth of sanity. Surely the most attractive jazz tunes are the most heart-weary, world-worn, time has ever known. The trouble as I see it lies in the question of sincerity. With the appalling popularity of music, the tyranny of the radio, quick communication, and advertising, it has become quite possible for people tGJ be driven in a direction that their lives do not justify. Jazz is now a commercial product, fed by its Jewish tune-merchants who are turning their trait of bloodless melancholy to good account. They have taken over the blues from the Negro and jazz has now become the conservative element, not a little flat and mechanical. Because it is now the tyrant and not the reflection of thought, it is actually inhib- [10] iting the birth of a contemporary philosophy. To this extent Hitler's statement is correct. In a word, if no one tells those bored skulls wearily fulfilling the ballroom rites that they are just a little passe and not the least amusing, they are in grave danger of becoming permanent ghosts, from which no poetry could suck the pity. SONNET lV\\IND travels much on wand'ring wings of thought, yet word to mind comes not like sigh to heave; Full oft doth flick'ring candle burn to nought, Ere heart on parchment doth true feelings weave. No Milton dwells in each lone mortal's soul; No Byron haunts 'each poet with his pen; No Wordsworth fills each man with Nature's whole; Save through his works which thrilled, do thrill again. Yet voice which came to him is meant for me, And song which rings for Hector rings for Troy, 'Tis but he doth express as he doth see, Whilst I inhabit just the inward joy. He gives a sense to those who cannot feel, And from rare nature doth her secret steal. -MORTON PARKER, '40. CLHEY built a tower, those proud, those clever men,; High, with a massive plinth, and then Along its length carved symbols of the dead, "For play of light" they said. And round the crest as finish for the same O'erlappings, juttings, called by some learned name. With lines like these, they thought, with art so fair, Nature could never in the least compare. But they forgot-that growing quite close by A little poplar tree stood up against the sky. [11] A STEP TOWARDS CANADIAN NATIONALISM By W. A. McKAY IT IS difficult to convince old ladies that strikes among working men, being, as they say, detrimental to the welfare of the country as a whole, by which, of course, they mean their own pocketbooks, are not, in themselves, essentially of an evil nature. Inherited from a pioneering past are concepts that die hard. They were hard come by, and they are doubly hard to remove. Chief among them is the idea that every problem that concerns them must be approached from but one angle, the economic. Everything, from international affairs to ladies' aid politics, not excluding trades unionism, is looked at through the plugged nickle. Anything like a casual survey of the situation seems to be a practical impossibility, but must be attempted before any clear conception can be gained. In the past Canadian trades unions have led a singularly precarious existence; like our cultural and governmental institutions, they have vacillated between Great Britain and the United States. Before the fifteenth of May, 1937, a step is to be taken which will fix, for the time being at least, the new policy of the Canadian Congress of Labor. Last year, at the September meeting, accusations of selling out to the American "coffin clubs" flew about the floor of the annual meeting until at last the law was called in to settle a disgraceful squabble among the officers. It would appear that the quarrel did not arise solely out of the economic aspects of the question, but that whether they knew it or not, the executive was torn between an adherence to the British and an adherence to the American policy. The policy of the United States unions was largely founded upon the principles of the American Constitution itself. The cardinal rules were to be found in the division of crafts. Although this policy might have been effective in the United States, it had a larger number of industrial workers than our Dominion could boast. Industrially Canada is far behind the United States both in the number of different industries and in the number of men engaged in each. The result of the affiliation of the small Canadian unions with their larger American counterparts has been to make the Canadian unions the subsidiaries of the large American federations. In a good many cases the policy of the Canadian union man has been dictated from a head office in a large American centre. The danger as seen by Labor Review is, that the Canadian work( Continued on page 14) [12] HAS LABOR A NATIONAL BOUNDARY? By IAN D. SINCLAIR (EDITOR'S 1IfOTE: The two articles here printed should be of interest in the light of the current labor situation not only in the United States of America, but also in Canada. In effect the two are complementary. The first, contributed by Mr. Mackay for publication in an earlier issue of "Vox" was held over due to lack of space and, in the interval, Mr. Sinclair volunteered to reply to Mr. Mackay's challenge to the Canadian unions.) MR. McKAY does not want labor to look at its problems, to look for its strength and its development through the economic aspects alone, but rather he desires that Labor would become enlightened and, like the Canadian Club, keep in constant view "the Flag." It would seem that the view put forward is that labor should put on smoked glasses, should see life through the narrow vision of nationalism, and from the subdued red that springs from the Canadian flag be so overwhelmed as to cut off its strength economically and numerically. It is apparent that Mr. McKay looks upon labor organization as necessary. Necessary for a fuller development of the community, necessary to bring about the manifold benefits to the large section of the community whose interests are protected by organization. It is agreed, I hope, that the State is not an end in itself, but exists solely as a means to the greater development of the people who make up the State. That is to say, the word connected with State is to be "welfare" not "power." Canada has not to the same extent as the United States been so adverse to State interference in the economic life of the country. However, we have demonstrated that we have neither the constitutional power nor requisite courage to enact legislation which would guarantee the Canadian workingman a fair wage and a fair standard of living. We have been unable to institute universal minimum wage laws and universal pension schemes. Therefore, the State having failed to fulfil its function as a welfare agency, the Union has found it necessary to protect employees from unscrupulous employers and to present the case of labor with strength, reason and discrimination. I would remind Mr. McKay that the presentation of a case (Continued on page 15) [13] A STEP TOWARDS CANADIAN NATIONALISM (Continued from page 12) man, when he falls on difficult days and is unable to keep up his affiliation, is more readily expelled from the large international union and becomes the prey of every Fascist or Communist propagandist. The real danger seems to lie not in the exposure of the men to the influence of shirt-propaganda, but in the fact that the industrial workers of Canada will find themselves dictated to by- the larger unions, and that ultimately, where the interests of the two countries clash, the labor man might be led by his affiliation into a line of conduct which would not be in the best interest of the Canadian nation. And here appears a significant point not observed by the founders of Canadian unionism. The early days on the American continent brought immense development in construction and a huge influx of skilled and unskilled labor; the boundary line between Canada and the United States was indistinct; jobs were plentiful, and it was natural that workers' unions should be founded on an international basis. Today, while the United States is assuming a position of industrial leadership in the world, Canada has retained many pioneer characteristics. It is inevitable that the interests of the two should not remain identical. A new development in the United States unions is towards division by industries rather than by crafts, which naturally produces larger and more unwieldy units; units, too, which find it easier to dictate to their Canadian brethren who have followed in large measure the hit-and-miss principles of British trades unionism. In the near future a decision must be made which will shape the whole policy of Canadian unionism. While in some cases it may mean a loss of members in favor of communist and fascist groups, the body of workmen who base their interests on democratic principles must choose whether they will accept the American or the British system as their guide. On the other hand, there is no reason why they should not found a peculiarly Canadian system from the resolution cif forces of the other two. Geographically, economically, and politically, Canada's position is unique. Could the labor policy of her workmen, dependent as it is upon these three factors, not assume a form different from those of the two countries in which their former interests lay? While it is admitted that Canada has not passed far beyond the pioneer stage, nascent Canadian nationalism might well be incubated by the real builders of Canada-a-the Canadian labor men. [14] HAS LABOR A NATIONAL BOUNDARY? (Continued from page 13) before an arbitration board requires money,-money in a sufficient degree to enable the representatives of labor to employ the best legal advice, to employ experienced men competent to make statistical surveys. Labor requires men in its movement who have an international experience with the problems of labor, men who can see labor differences beyond" the narrow range of nationalism which had brought discredit and dissolution to the forces of labor. May I also remind Mr. McKay that employer organizations are international in scope. The A. R. A. (American Railroad Association) is an international association. Furthermore, the facilities of the Pinkerton Detective Agency are open to Canadian as well as American employers. The conversant reader knows that the Pinkerton force was used in attempting to break a labor deadlock in the City of Winnipeg. Therefore, it seems only reasonable to suggest that international industrial organization must be met with international labor organization. If such is not to be the case, then from where is labor's strength to come? Numerical strength in the labor movement means financial strength; and financial strength means human welfare. The highest degree of human welfare attainable can be brought about only through the co-ordinate action of all labor. Labor organization in Canada must continue to lead a precarious existence if it is not to co-ordinate its limited strength and resources with the labor movement of other countries. Mr. Hitler early in his career, I believe, took the stand that the form of labor organization was of no consequence, it was the spirit that mattered. Therefore, to his mind, it followed that such laudable spirit, such co-ordinate strength and action as existed in the labor movement would be of untold advantage in the aggrandisement of national sentiment. Now, Mr. Hitler was successful in convin. cing German labor that nationalism would add strength to the labor movement. However, in the light of subsequent action in the German labor field, it would appear that Mr. McKay would have great difficulty in convincing even a small segment of the friends of labor to the belief that nationalism would be advantageous to Canadian labor. Monopoly and nationalism are the two greatest obstacles in the working of present-day Capitalism. The growth of nationalism brings as its counterpart a hindrance to the exchange of commodities upon the world market. The successful operation of Capitalism requires an extensiverW6>rld' market both in commodities and credit. [15] Mr. McKay wants labor to add its strength to the forces of nationalism in our State. It appears only reasonable to suggest that the continued growth of nationalism and the successful operation of Capitalism as a system cannot exist side by side. Surely Mr. McKay is not subtly advocating a changed order? Labor organization can be either vertical or horizontal; both divisions have had considerable success. Space does not allow a consideration of the C. I. o. and A. F. of L. beyond the fact that this in general may be said. All labor has a common aim: co-operation between employer and employee, the prevention of exploitation, the raising of the labor standard of living, and better working conditions for laboring classes. Any movement which introduces dissension and division to labor organization merely hinders the accomplishment of labor's common aim. Labor in Canada and in other countries has fundamentally the same aim, the same purpose, and the same problems. Therefore, why introduce in Canada a movement which will mean division? Why, on account of a few minor differences, undermine that unity in which there lies strength? Labor must transcend local differences and national boundaries and co-ordinate all its facilities. The spirit of labor must take a higher ground than the sentiment of nationalism. In his last paragraph Mr. McKay asks if Canadian labor, in view of Canada's "unique position" cannot assume a form different from the old horizontal and vertical organization. No doubt, Canadian labor could assume some different form. It could, for instance, mould its organization along the lines of a circle and proceed to go round and round hatching pert phraseology; such as, the "incubators of Canadian nationalism." No doubt, if Canadian labor assumed a new form it would draw to its support idealistic sentimentalists such as Mr. McKay, but in so doing would labor benefit? Would its strength be enhanced? Would its aim be closer to fulfilment? It would seem that Canada's "unique position" must make Canadian labor affiliate or perish as a force of strength and action. [16] NONSENSE IN ENGLISH VERSE THE Englishman has always had a leaning towards the dignified. Influenced perhaps by the fact that the ancestors of at least ninety percent of the population of the islands came over with the conqueror, English authors and poets have always been rather chary about poking fun at anyone or anything. As someone has stated, "C'est Ie ridicule qui tue." A secondary reason, perhaps, would lie in the patronage system by which English genius was subsidized. until the nineteenth century, for the British aristocracy, God bless 'em, have always come closer to the types immortalized by Pelham Grenville Wodehouse than even he would care to admit. However. with the liberation of the arts from their previous subservience to the rural squire or the great city family, there gradually developed a spirit of nonsense, which has since become so prominent in prose, at least, that it would be difficult to read through ten pages of Hansard's Parliamentary Debates for the current (or any) session, through any popular sermon by a celebrated bishop, indeed any lecture by a celebrated professor, without finding extracts so rich, so fantastic, that the more modest verse productions of Lear and Carroll would pale in comparison with the wads of Representative Thought. In verse the matter is more complicated. It will be found, by. the intelligent enquirer, that the best nonsense in verse-that is, the most hilarious-will be found on examination to mean something. It is generally difficult to convince the average Englishman that nonsense can mean something, for the simple paradoxical reason that almost every kind of grim reality seems to him strange and comic. A cursory examination of the headlines on such papers as the Daily Express, the Mirror, and so on, will amply justify this claim. By exploiting this national state of mind, startling and delighting his little readers with mental acrobatics which are a platitude to more sophisticated peoples, Mr. Shaw has amassed a fortune. On the continent they raise their eyebrows at the Shavian naivete. Consequently it is observed that England is one of those few and far between places where nonsense, intelligent nonsense, is to be found in profusion. Finally, nonsense, as a technical term, is not to be confused with the humor resulting from ignorance or stupidity, in which English verse, and particularly that of Wordsworth, abounds. Nonsense, with the exception of a few ancient examples, is the-product of a modern age. But this does not imply that it is confined to the [17] comparative nonentities who abound in the field of modern poetry. Besides Lear, Calverley, Graham, Bentley, there are choice extracts to be obtained from Milton, Hood, Wordsworth, Tennyson, Belloc, Chesterton, Swinburne, Stephens. Among this latter group one finds literary curiosities concealed from the eyes of freshmen such as Swinburne's deliberate dancing on his head in the nonsense parodies of his own work which are worth as much as his collected poetry. Another case in point is Tennyson. Few would care to connect Victoria's Laureate with undignified behavior, but if his Minnie and Winnie really is meant to be nonsense-I think the academies are divided on the matter-it deserves a little niche in any pagoda of the grotesque simply for its social and historical value. The classic examples of nonsense may be represented briefly by Milton's "On the Oxford Carrier" too long to quote, which begins: "Here lieth one, who did most truly prove That he could never die while he could move; So hung his destiny never to rot While he might still jog on and keep his trot ... " Goldsmith's Elegy on Madam Blaize is on the border line-s-the first and last verses here quoted indicate the nonsense, however: "Good people all, with one accord, Lament for Madam Blaize, Who never wanted a good wordFrom those who spoke her praise. Let us lament, in sorrow sore For Kent Street well may say That had she lived a twelvemonth moreShe had not died today." And Samuel Johnson contributed four lines: "If the man who turnips cries Cry not when his father dies, 'Tis a proof that he had rather Have a turnip than his father-" This from the dean of English Letters. Comparable is Thomas Hood's Faithless Nellie Gray, which every High School student knows by heart. Tennyson's Minnie and Winnie has already been mentioned, and is here quoted in full: [18] 5. Started a green linnet Out of the croft; Wake little ladies, The sun is aloft!" "1. Minnie and Winnie Slept in a shell. Sleep, little ladies! And they slept well. 2. Pink was the shell within, Silver without; Sounds of the great sea Wandered about. 3. Sleep, little ladies! Wake not soon! Echo on echo Dies to the moon. 4. Two bright stars Peep'd into the shell, What are they dreaming of? Who can tell? From Swinburne there are two choice examples, the first of the parody type, the second of the higher lunacy to which he was upon occasion the victim. (a) from Nephelidia- "From the depth of the dreamy decline of the dawn through a notable nimbus of nebulous noonshine, Pallid and pink as the palm of the flag-flower that flickers with fear of the flies as they float, Are they looks of our lovers that lustrously lean from a marvel of mystic miraculous moonshine, These that we feel in the blood of our blushes that thicken and threaten with sobs from the throat?" (and so on). (b) from The Higher Pantheism in a Nutshell- "One, who is not, we see; but one, whom we see not, is; Surely, this is not that; but that is assuredly this. What, and wherefore, and whence: for under is over and under; If thunder could be without lightning, lightning could be without thunder." (and so on). This is comparable only to a modern critic's comment on Tennyson's philosophy: "When pondering much on how or why, Or lost in philosophic lore; The thought that two and two makes four Consoles me in my agony. [19] The sun sinks ever in the west And rises ever in the east; I know that this is sure, at least, And cannot doubt that it is best." but this is rather cruel satire than pure nonsense. To conclude the classical authors one can quote Walter de la Mare Mare. Here is The Bards, with original notes: "My aged friend, Miss Wilkinson, Whose mother was a Lambe, Saw Wordsworth once, and Coleridge too, One morning in her pram*. Bird-like the bards stooped over herLike fledgling in a nest; And Wordsworth said, 'Thou harmless babe!' And Coleridge was impressed. The pretty thing gazed up and smiled, And softly murmered, 'Coo!' William was then aged sixty-four And Samuel sixty-two. *This was a three-wheeled vehicle Of Iron and of wood; It had a leather apron, But it hadn't any hood." But the best nonsense is the work of the moderns, the product of an age of disillusion and dispair, although the humor of Carroll chimes in perfectly with the spirit of his times. Alice is the perfect child of the Victorian age, the invention of a kind-hearted, coolblooded, rather priggish mathematical don, born into an England where people of the nicer kind lived charming lives on smooth, sunshiny lawns, sedulously unaware for the most part of the horrors at their gates, the sweat-shops, the enslaved children, the terrible Victorian charity. Today we see just a little more clearly, as extracts heregiven will show. Let us commence with a verse of Carroll's Jabberwocky, the most priceless bit of burbling in existence, and compare it with a Latin translation by Vansittart: " 'Twas brillig, and the slithy toves Did gyre and gimble in the wabe, All mimsy were the borogoves, And the mome raths outgrabe. [20] 2. Then laugh, ha, ha, ha, And ring, ting, ling, ling, And sing, fal, la, la, La, la, le." (Repeat.) Coesper'erat: tunc lubriciles' ultravia circum Urgebant gyros gembiculosque tophi; Moestenui visae borogovides ire meatu; Et profugi ge.mitus exgrabuere rathae. Notes: 'Coesper, from Coena and Vesper. "Iubrtciles, from lubricus and graciles." And follow it by a miscellany: (a) from Gelett Burgess- "1 never saw a purple cow, 1 never hope to see one; But 1 can tell you, anyhow, I'd rather see than be one." (b) from E. C. Bentley's astringent Ballade- "The croakers say that Mr. Justice Peck Was briefless both as Junior and K.C.; That nasty business of the altered cheque Was never quite hushed up, unhappily ..." (c) from Harry Graham's Two Little Sporting Lyrics" 1. The Englishman's Home 1 was playing golf the day That the Germans landed; All our troops had run away, All our ships were stranded; And the thought of England's shame Altogether spoiled my game." (d) from Bret Harte- "Swiss Air 1. I'm a gay tra, la, la, With my fal, lal, la, la, And my bright- And my light- Tra, la, le (Repeat.) (e) from D. B. Wyndham Lewis- "Lines to a Lady of Quality with the Gift of a Jaguar All teeth and claws, behold this little Jaguar! A fit companion for the kind of Haguar." [21] (f) from Ogden Nash- "Platitudinous Reflections Probably a great deal of superciliousness Is based on biliousness; Somehow people seem to be as proud as peacocks Of any infirmity, be it hives or dementia praecox." (g) from J. B. Morton- "Now We Are Sick Hush, hush, Nobody cares! Christopher Robin Has Fallen DownStairs." (h) from Ralph Wotherspoon- "Walt Wimbush was a warrior, Yet sorrowful and sad. He'd functioned in the KoreaAt least he said he had. But when a gay young Torea-dor, keen to be admired, Ran through the sorry warrior The sorry one looked sorrier And with non omnis morior, Reluctantly expired." But this is quite enough. It is hoped that as many degrees and phases of English verse nonsense (a word that keeps recurring) are represented here as possible. There will probably be differences of opinion as to whether this or that particular piece comes within the strict rubric. To complaints arising thus one can be deathly indifferent. There is borderline, a very misty and elusive one, between the last shimmering nuance of nonsense proper and a certain kind of humor which it is not always easy to perceive, much less to fix. Perhaps the reasonable working test in a difficulty, as already hinted, is to ask oneself: Does it mean anything? If it does, it is probably nonsense. If it doesn't, it is probably not. It is regrettable that the majority of English poems comes within the latter category. but given an appreciation of this criterion, one can have a great deal of innocent fun from the minority. Try it some time. [22] SIR JAMES MATTHEW BARRIE, O.M. SIR JAMES The time- has come, the walrus said, To talk of many things, Of ships and shoes and sealing wax, And cabbages and kings, And why the sea is boiling hot, And if Sir James talks silly rot. (-BORROWED) • IN FAR away Samoa, in 1892, Robert Louis Stevenson wrote to Henry James: "But Barrie is a beauty. The Little Minister and The Window in Thrums, eh? Stuff in that young man; but he must see and not be too funny. Genius in him, but there's a journalist at his elbow-there's the risk." There's a journalist at his elbow ... (and he might well have added an elf and clown as well!) Thirty-two years later, when the great of his little island came to do him honor at a feast of wit and other delicacies, Sir James retaliated at the defenceless R. L. S., now asleep these many years on his romantic island. With one of his precious sallies, he dived into his precious and amazing reminiscences-precious because they were so Barriesque; delightful because they were so untrue! "I remember when I first met Robert Louis. I had come up to Edinburgh, and walking down the high street I beheld this strange looking creature R.L.S. We passed, I stared at him, and continued doing so, stopped in my tracks. Mr. Stevenson returned to me and said: 'Well, God made me.' I surveyed him, frankly stunned, and retorted: 'God's getting careless.' ... Our friendship fast ripened from that day." It was during this whimsey that Barrie denied that he was an "Octogeranium" although he was able to recall quite vividly, he insisted, Napoleon, Wellington and many other persons of fame, buried these hundred years. In his golden little address Courage, so eloquent with the stuff of life, the stuff which makes us men, delivered as rector of his own beloved St. Andrews in 1922, he told us of the existence of "M'Connachie" the unholy half of himself; the writing half-the fanciful half, as if we didn't know M'Connachie!-while he, himself, said Barrie, is the half that is dour and practical and canny. Now it distresses Sir James to have M'Connachie interfering with his serious moods and solemn moments-but we, who love the creator of Peter Pan and Wendy and all-praise the gods for M'Connachie's supremacy and sovereignty! Whence came this dear, loveable complex? This genius, who [23] opens the innermost door of our hearts and like some wizard musician draws' his bow across the fibres of our heart and sets us, singing? Who is this man who refuses to grow up and who bafflesthe grey, oncoming years? Dull, prosaic "Who's Who" tells us that James Matthew was born in Kirriemuir in 1860, and, very fittingly, in the May time of that year, when fairies and elves, daisies and nestbirds and waking blossoms hold open court. Then we remember-Kirriemuir- i-Scotland. Oh yes, now we remember-s-Presbyterianism and philosophy, oatmeal or peasemeal behind the door-i-Oueen Mary~The Master of Ballantrae-Treasure lsuuui-s-The Westminster Conjession-c-and greatest of all Bobbie Burns-i-these all either lived or were wise enough to leave Scotland. "Thrifty souls" Kipling called them-e-who "must have been an anfractuous breed to handle; but, by their God, in whose word they walked, they owned themselves." But to return to the bothersome facts: Dumfries Academy Barrie next visited, strangely enough, as a scholar; visited not a few honors, amid scenes and long enough to capture all hearts and with comrades he has since immortalized. Here it was-c-as he himself finally confessed when the freedom of Dumfries and no end of other honors were conferred upon him-s-that Peter Pan came to be. "All unconscious was our old schoolmaster, that when the shadows of night began to fall, certain young mathematicians changed their skin, crept up walls and down trees, and became pirates in a sort of Odyssey that was long afterwards to become the play of Peter Pan, for our escapades in a certain Dumfries garden, which is enchanted land to me, was certainly the genesis of that nefarious work." From Dumfries, and all too short-lived pirate days, he went up to Edinburgh University and captured a Master's Degree in Arts, thus confounding and confusing his professors as well as astounding himself. Turning on graduation to journalism, he pursued his work first at Nottingham and later in London. This is what your woefully brief and bare biographies tell-s-but to us of the old guard-s-who tumble over each other to seize and devour the latest message from Barrie-land-how much more it is than that. He hasn't come to this twisted world of ours in the ordinary way, much less been lent to us for a little that we might laugh and cry together over bygones and about-to-be's-i-in a treasure house of heirlooms, a store of lavendered delights-s-where life flows between the frail walls almost furiously. A very solemn critic who must be very wise, says that James is a born novelist, and a born dramatist, rarest of combinations, that he is the greatest of his day-s-tush! what's all that? James [24] Matthew is the king of the Never-never land; children the world over have seen to that-(children, some with greying hair and bending figures). Even ih, his serious novels (what a blunder to say serious) in the Admirable Crichton (possibly his masterpiece) the very plot is frankly preposterous; desert island and butler king, and all. The play is too fantastic for "earlism" too humorous for "romance" too serious for "farce." It could never possibly have happened, and yet it is all true. The figures that move are no puppets; the people of the pages live. He wasn't always swayed by M'Connachie. Back there in the early days of Auld Licht Idylls you see him sober and showing with a dogged Dutch fidelity the dour reality of Scotia. He would bring out the slowness of those weavers and their ludicrous love-making; he would paint the "dull, vacant faces" of the Tammas Haggarts and Pete Lunas pitilessly. But as he worked, there came a change. Tammas began to grow eldritch, Pete became a quaint gnome. Gnarled idiocyncrasies sprouted, the stolid features swelled and shrank. Thrums grew into a goblin market. The fashionable thing to say about him now is that he has never "grown-up." But he has grown, bless you, grown incessantly; but instead of growing up he has grown down! And there is a touch of tragedy in the situation; genius is a cruel gift. To dwindle when you wanted to tower up. He might feel the pain of it all, just as he might have experienced it in 1913when he had to face the chilly wet winds of a bitter London day and the more biting publicity of curious citizens to bend his knee to a grateful monarch who wished to do him honor. He drove reluctantly to Buckingham, and when they opened his cab-door, they found him huddled in a far corner, terrified beyond measure because he was about to be created a baronet. In Margaret Ogilvy he told us how he and his mother borrowed the Arabian Nights from the Thrums village library, "but on discovering they were nights instead of knights, for which he had paid, we sent that volume packing." And now he was a knight himself. Poor James. And if that wasn't unreasonable enough, they made him come back a year or two later and accept an Order of Merit, and Barrie puzzled over that for many a long day. Well, we could have elaborated on our hero's thirty-six or so dramas and novels, but what folly it would have been since you may all know them better, though you cannot love them more, than we. But, and this should compensate for all that has gone before, we have made a great discovery; a very new one and only this morning in the dust-filled archives of a library. Barrie's first work has never been published, and indeed, is generally unknown, but we [25] have brought for you the most pungent sentence: "Charles Peabody's mother died before he was born, and ever since his father has been delicate." Surely he is a genius, by his own definition-for surely he "knows best how to crack walnuts." And how generously he has given of his store, walnuts whose taste is everlastingly sweet to the tongue. Well, Barrie himself would say that this little appraisal of him has been almost dull enough to be academic-but, you see, no Scot, or son of a Scot dares wax sentimental over any love of his heart-you see, we fear sentiment; and flee it because we love the seductive thing too well. We've wanted to be excessive in our praise of M'Connachie-in the excessive way Barries makes his Grizel rock her arms ecstatically and cry out constantly: "Oh, you sweet." But we haven't dared. But you know now, don't you? And just before we leave him, let Sir James himself giveus his precious word-a sermon and yet a poem, as every noble sermon should be: "Do not stand aloof, despising, disbelieving, but come in and help-insist upon coming in and helping. After all, we have shown a good deal of courage; and your part is to add a greater courage to it. There are glorious years ahead of you if you choose to make them glorious. God's in His Heavens still. So forward, brave hearts. To what adventure I cannot tell, but I know that God is watching to see whether you are adventurous... In bidding you good-bye, my last words must be of the lovely virtue. Courage, my children, and 'greet the unseen with a cheer.' 'Fight on, my men,' said Sir Andrew Barton. Fight on ... till the whistle blows." [26] 12ti/ Ir··..····...··..·····~~~~;;·~~·~~~~:···~~·~~·:·~;~; ..··..···...··...···11 ~ ••••••••••••••••••• CONTRIBUTORS, 1936-1937 •••••••••••••••••I ••••••II••••••••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • II•• i ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••; The Editorial Board of Vox wishes to thank all those who have assisted in the production of the magazine during the past year, and particularly the following, who have con, tributed articles: A. MURRAY SMITH-"The Passing of the University" January issue. BRADFORD HENDERsoN-"Lawrence of Arabia" January issue. RODERICK O. HUNTER-"The Senior Stick's Page" January issue. HAROLD B. STRINGER-"On Being Asked to Contribute to Vox" January issue. EARLE J. BEATTIE-"PaSS the Buck" January issue. REG. W. BUNDy-"COmes the Revolution" November issue; "Music" January issue. DEAN A. D. LONGMAN-"Alumni Alumnaeque" all issues. PROF. A. R. CRAGG-"The College of Today in the World of Tomorrow" March issue. NEIL A. DEwAR-"Ars Quixotica" March issue. M. D. GILCHRIST-POem "To A Poet" March issue. W. A. McKAy-Poem "As Loved Our Fathers" March issue; Book Review, "Ignatius Loyola" March issue; "A Step Towards Canadian Nationalism" June issue. IAN D. SINCLAIR-"Valedictory" June issuer. "Has Labor a National Boundary" June issue. CHESTER DUNcAN-"Jazz" June issue. CLARENCE H. JOHNsoN-"And So He Entered Law" June issue. ELSIE COUSEN:-"Face Reading in the Library" June issue. LESLIE E. THOMPSON. REX GROSE. GWEN HENDERSON. R. J. LEIGHTON. [27] CONFERRING OF DEGREES IN THEOLOGY AT THE beginning of its work Wesley College made provision for the teaching of Theology. Neither the Act of 1877 nor that of 1886 gave to the College a duly organized faculty in this area. The power to great degrees in the Province of Manitoba was vested in the University under its Act of Incorporation. When that act was amended in 1880 it was specified that "with the sanction of the governing bodies of the denomination to which it (an affiliated college) belongs (it shall) have the power of forming a separate faculty in Theology for the examination for and the granting of the degrees of Bachelor of Divinity and Doctor of Divinity." A person receiving either of these degrees was given the rights and privileges of a graduate of the University. However, should the candidate for the degree of Bachelor not be a University graduate, the University reserves the right to examine in Greek, Latin and Mathematics. Such was the legal position in respect to these degrees. During the following years Wesley College did not have need to confer degrees and the power lay dormant. There was, however, in 1894, a student approaching the completion of the required course and provision for the granting of degrees became necessary. The General Conference of the Methodist Church gave the sanction necessary to the setting up of a faculty in Theology in accordance with the provincial act noted above. The Board of Wesley College on January 12; 1894, authorized the establishment of such a faculty. It did not, however, give to the faculty all the powers which might be conferred under the University Act of 1880, and Professor Andrew Stewart registered his objection to the action on the basis that under Section 33 of the Act the Board of Wesley College had no authority to limit the power of the faculty to "the examination for and granting of the degree of Bachelor of Divinity." On June 5, 1894, the executive took action and established the first faculty of Theology which, on June 20, reported to the Board that they had in conformity with the powers granted them conferred the Degree of Bachelor of Divinity on Rev. N. J. Brown, B.A. The protest of the faculty, because of the limitation of their powers, brought immediate results. The Board at the same meeting asked its representatives on the University Council to request such an alteration in the Act as would place. the degree conferring power in divinity in the College and not in the faculty. By 1902 it was felt that the minimum academic requirements for a candidate for the degree of Bachelor of Divinity should be increased and the University Act was changed, making it necessary for the candidate to have standing in at least the second year of the Arts course and have studied the Greek Option. This provision did not yet come up to the minimum requirements in Wesley College. As early as 1896 a student was required to have standing in a considerable portion of the final years in Arts before becoming a candidate for Bachelor of Divinity. In practice, however, those who received the Degree of Bachelor of Divinity from Wesley College had first obtained their degree in Arts at least two years before the granting of the B. D. degree. In 1900 the requirement of two years standing was dropped. In 1905 the standard was raised further by stipulating that before the degree of Bachelor of Divinity would be granted, one year in College must be devoted entirely to the study of Theology, after the degree of Bachelor of Arts was obtained. In 1907 this requirement was raised to two years. When the courses leading to the degree of Bachelor of Divinity were first set up in 1891-1892, a knowledge of both the Greek and the Hebrew languages was required as well as the completion of the regular subjects and the presentation of a thesis. These requirements continued until the Senate took over the administration of the courses under the Charter graduated in Arts in 1919 or at an of 1919. In 1920 a Special Course was set up for those students who had Greek nor Hebrew was compulsory earlier date. In this course neither and no further attendance was required. [28] This course did not achieve the end for which it was instituted and in 1923 was discontinued, leaving the regular course in operation. There was no change in the legal aspects of the granting of degrees until 1919. In that year the Charter of Wesley College was amended and consolidated. It provided that the power for the granting of the degrees lay in the Board of Directors, but that the Board "shall have power and authority to delegate to the Senate the granting of and to grant degrees in Theology whether upon examination or admission ad eundem or honoris causa." By the University Act those receiving such degrees were admitted to all the rights and privileges of a graduate of the University of Manitoba. The matters remained in this position until the passing of the University Act, 1936. This Act added a clause to the Act of incorporation of Wesley College whereby "the said College in its corporate name shall have power to grant degrees, including honorary degrees, in Theology and Divinity." In this Act there IS no provision for persons who receive such degrees being admitted to the rights and privileges of graduates of the University. The granting of the Degree of Doctor of Divinity honoris causa did not provoke the same discussion as did the basis of the granting of the Bachelor Degree. For five years after the Board had the power to grant the Degree of Doctor of Divinity they allowed it to be dormant. It was not until 1899 that they finally drew up the procedure. The candidate would be nominated by the chair or by such committee as the Board would from 'time to time direct. The voting would be by ballot at a regular meeting of that body called .aftt=:r ~our weeks notice. In the notice indication would be given that the granting of Honorary Degrees would be one of the objects of the meeting. A twothirds majority of the members present would be required to grant the degree. The first degrees were conferred on Professor Andrew Stewart and Rev. L. Gaetz on June 10, 1899. ' The power to grant the degree of Doctor of Divinity Honoris Causa remained in the Board and was exercised directly by it until the Charter of 1919 gave authority to delegate that power to the Senate. This body at its first meeting on October 16 1919, set up a committee to make re~ommendations in respect to persons on whom could be bestowed worthily the Degree of Doctor of Divinity. On April 13, 1920, the new procedure under the Senate was placed in operation and Rev. C. E. Manning, B.A., was granted the Degree of Doctor of Divinity. [29] AND SO HE ENTERED LAW By C. H. JOHNSON ~"' .AFTER five highly successful years, at last he was entering the home stretch; there had not been a position awaiting at the end of his Arts career,' he had learned with regret. But was not Law awaiting him with outstretched arms? Without a doubt it was. Admittedly brilliant-the faculty were agreed that he was; and he himself was loath to deny it. He had majored in English and Philosophy, honors all the way, and an occasional scholarship, too. That his work, "The Influence of the Freudian Theory on the Erring Maidens of Bulgaria" was the most brilliant thing of its kind, there was none to gainsay. His years of service on the college magazine, culminating in his editorship, must surely have brought him lasting fame; his consummate genius in the dramatic art surely could not have passed unheralded, and the unsurpassed accuracy of his shots in basketball was the wonder of the team; nor did these serve to dequantitate his vanity at all. Most certainly Law would welcome him. Why not? Watch his smoke! Law was a pipe. A few lectures in the morning. Boy! What a time he would have! Of course there was this business of "articles"something about anoffice--better consult the registrar-maybe the dean too-better let the old boys know he was coming. An enthusiastic and ingratiating welcome, illuminated by stories told in glowing terms of bright hopes for the future, and of unparalleled opportunities for a highly successful career bursting forth for young lawyers was not what he received. And that there was an acute shortage, that companies were going a-begging, that youthful graduates of the Law school were making easy money and that they were receiving the highest and most lucrative positions of finance and industry, was not included in the registrar's conversation either. It was different. Ah, yes! Quite different. A hearty handshake, a gracious welcome, congratulations for success in previous years and words of assurance that a large and prosperous corporation was anxiously awaiting such a one as him to fill a particularly lofty and significant post is not quite an exact description of his colloquy-with the dean. Alas! No. In such manner animated and inspirited, he sets forth blithely and with light heart to divulge the good news to some Law firm that he has come and that he is prepared to exchange his invalu- [30] able services for a consideration. Offices waving their hands with an imminent deficiency confronting is what he had hoped, but failed to find. He.calls on the firm with the longest list of partners and whose office is notably imposing as would befit his style and dignity. A pretty blonde stenographer with ruby lips, crimson cheeks, scarlet nails and garbed in a cerise gown, and whose smile is most charming, manner most delectable and replies most witty, was not the one who met him in that office. Told to sit down and wait awhile, he did,-for several hours, in fact, until admitted to the office of a bald-headed man with a red face, which he had not got going to Sunday school. This gentleman was reading the latest edition of "Hush." Most amazing of all! The ardent young student was not welcomed and congratulated, nor was he wined and dined; this individual did not assure him that he was the answer to a lawyer's prayer. A princely remuneration, a magnificient private office, and a personal stenographer was not what this individual offered. In fact, he told him to get out. Why! Most incomprehensible conduct! At his next call he did not see industrious stenographers thumping typewriters at a furious pace, nor busy clerks scurrying hither and thither, nor a long line of anxious clients awaiting each his turn. No! He did not see that at all; hut he tiptoed softly out the door hoping that he had not been spotted. What a pity to disturb them, he thought. A mere dozen or so additional calls, and at long last his great opportunity comes. An offer of monthly recompense so magnificent as to dazzle the eye and stun the mind and that one accepts with diffidence and a full consciousness of one's own shortcomings was not like this one. While he had trouble, it is true, in accepting this offer, it was for quite a different reason. And so somewhat puzzled and not a little perplexed, we leave him, a sadder if not a wiser youth. JI § , Open all Night lVlOOre S-- including Sunday [31] Vox congratulates the winners of the following awards: lIntnrrntty of lIanitoba AUtar~n MAY, 1937 + SCHOLARSHIPS Sir James Aikins Scholarship in English Junior Division in Arts and Science-Second Year Douglas M. Fraser, $75.00 Isbister Scholarship, Arts and Science, Senior Honors Division-Second Year Margaret D. Gilchrist, $80.00 Senior Division-First Year Irwin, Douglas D., $80.00 Johnston, Sarah I, $80.00 Lawson, R. Wm., $80.00 Junior Division, Second Year Douglas M. Fraser, Hon. Mention Junior Division, First Year Cann, Nora o. .--,,- , $60.00 Harvey, Ian J. . . 60.00 Ironside, Ronaldt;._:l: 60.00 Medd, Edna -.:..,•._------- 60.00 Moyse, Robert J. $60.00 Schneider, Elisabeth 60.00 Warren, Francis G. R. 60.00 Whittaker, Donald __. 60.00 SPECIAL SCHOLARSHIPS Scholarship of the German-Canadian League Hannesson, Richard S. M., $25.00 B'nai B'rith Scholarship in Hebrew Isaacovitch, Evelyn, $50.00 [32] Wesley College Awards lIe.aley QJ:nllege FEBRUARY 26TH, 1937 MEDALS Governor-General's Medal Gladys Elinore Pollard Lieutenant Governor's Medal Ruston William Lawson BURSARIES Logie Butchart Memorial Bursaries { (1) David Henry Craven (2) Harris Wilson SCHOLARSHIPS Sir John C. Eaton Scholarship Ruston William Lawson SECOND YEAR Jas. H. Ashdown Scholarship Douglas Markle Fraser Hart A. Massey Scholarship Wilson Graham Milne D. K. Elliott Scholarship : Richard Stephen M. Hanneson FIRST YEAR Principal J. W. Sparling Scholarship Edna Alexandra Medd Professor Andrew Stewart Scholarship Nora Emily Elizabeth Cann H. W. Hutchinson Scholarship Elisabeth Wiltrud Schneider E. Loftus Scholarship F. G. Ross Warren GRADE XII Sir James Aikins Scholarship Muriel Gordon Fraser R. J. Whitla Scholarship ., Adolph Edward Theman GRADE XI Rev. George Young Scholarship Mary Elizabeth Brown Manitoba College Awards .tIuuitnbu QJ:SCHOLARSHIPS FINAL YEAR Robert Anderson Scholarship George M. Marshall, B.A. Robert Carswell Scholarship for Hebrew John S. Scott, B.A. Mary Perine Tait Scholarship Russell, A. Peden, B.A. Governor-General's MedaL George M. Marshall, B.A. SECOND YEAR Robert Carswell Scholarship in Greek Thomas Saunders, B.A. Nisbet Memorial Scholarship A. Murray Smith, B.A. Ruth Russell Winchester Scholarship William A. Mackay FmsT YEAR John Ralph King Scholarship -----:------Thomas M. Badger, B.A. James Watt Scholarship Robert J. Leighton John Black Scholarship Charles R. Newcombe, B.A. PRIZES IN ORAL ENGLISH Nixon Prize Walter J. Spence Book Prize ~---------------ThomasM.Badger, B.A. G. R. Crowe Memorial Prize {ThOmas Saunders, B.A. Rev. H. Gordon Tolton, B.A. Robertson Morrin Essay Prize George M. Marshall, B.A. [33] PERMANENT EXECUTIVE, '37 H. ANDREW LAWRENCE President LEONORE LYTLE Vice-President Honorary President O. T. ANDERSON IAN SINCLAIR Valedictorian ROD.O.HUNTER Senior Stick NORMA LAW Lady Stick [34] r··.....········..···......··...··~·~·~·~·~··;·;·~·~·········· .....··..··············"il ••• 11••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ATHLETICS •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• I ••••••••••I ••••••••••••••• Wesley College can point with pride to the remarkable achievements of its athletes during the past year. A new record in the number of Interfaculty championships won by Wesley United in one year and the great showing that all her teams made in competition, give Wesley a high place in the realm of sport. The ladies of the College are to be congratulated for the wonderful record they have hung up. Four championships in one year are a splendid showing. The ladies' track, basketball, curling and hockey trophies are all resting in Wesley halls as proof of the prowess of our young ladies. The ladies' track was a new championship for Wesley and it was principally due to the efforts of Marcia Voorheis and Norma Verner that the trophy rests in Miss Spink's care. The basketball cup was retained only after a very hard series in which the United girls had an uphill clumb in both final games, but came out on the right end of the score before the final whistle. With the assistance of Helen Marsh and two girls from the last year's Matriculation hockey team were able to surprise everyone, even themselves, and defeat the strong Arts team in a decisive manner. Gladys Pollard, Helen Marsh, and Marguerite Ross were the mainstay of the team. Jean Babb, Joan Dey, Helen Marsh, and Marion Earle upheld Wesley colors in the curling and won the trophy for the third consecutive year. The men won only three Interfaculty championships: track, senior soccer and the Porte-Markle curling trophy, but made a great showing in rugby, hockey and basketball, in which they reached the finals. Even more decisively than last year did Wesley men athletes display their strength and retain the coveted trophy. Ernie McEwen, Max Kantovovich, Jack Barber, Harry Fainstein, and Bill Davis did well for the red and white. The senior soccer championship was won by our strong aggregation by winning the entire schedule of three games. The Porte-Markle curling trophy returned to Wesley halls after a few years' absence through the efforts of Jack Barker, Tom Henderson, Harold Couzens, and Bill McTavish. [35] "Does your Mother know you're out!" "She will-when she looks for her Sweet Caps ..." SWEET CAPORAL CIGARETTES "The purest form in which tobacco can be smo!ud."-.(Jnat Miss Bretta Powless won the United Colleges coed tennis championship. The men's final between Bill Dyke and Lawrence Neil will, we hope, be played off at their leisure in the near future. Bowling was enjoyed by a large number this year and Joan Dey and Alex. Cairns are to be congratulated on the handling of this popular sport. Dick Mahoney, Ray Marks, Norm White, Joyce Parker, and Josephine Miller were the winning team in the College league. Curling was enjoyed at Deer Lodge, under the guidance of Marion Earle and Jack Barker, with great success. R. Homer, R. Lynd, B. Lawson, and E. Hames won out in the College curling championship. Grade XII won the Cuspidor Hockey by defeating Third Year in the final game at the Amphitheatre rink. The Athletic banquet, held in the Junior Library in Wesley College, was a fitting climax to a wonderful year. Nearly one hundred athletes attended the banquet at which the trophies were presented to the captains of the winning teams by Dean Anderson. The individual awards and the senior and junior letters were presented by Cleve Gerry. Prof. A. R. Cragg acted as chairman. The year 1936-37 was very fine for Wesley College and with your support we hope to do as well or even better in the future. I wish to thank all the students for their support and co-operation throughout the year and to congratulate them on their achievements. CLEVE GERRY, Physical Director. [37] UNITED COLLEGES DRAMATIC EXECUTIVE Back Row-Morton Parker, Margaret Riddell, Andrew Eustace, Jim Humphries, Peggy Young, Eddy Parker. Front Row-Margaret McCulloch, Jack Barker, Molly Rogers, Prof. A. L. Phelps, Lilia Petursson. . Missing-Reginald Bundy, W. D'Arcy Dolan, Charles Mackenzie. UNITED COLLEGES ATHLETIC COUNCIL Back Row-Alex. Cairns, Jack Barker, Avard Fryer, Bill Dyke, Stewart Noble, Jim Stewart Mitchell, Ken McKenzie, Gordon Thomas, Lawrence Neil, Harry Fainstein. Middle Row-Ted Sangster, Norma Verner, Helen Marsh, Leonore L. Lytle, Donna King, Joan Dey, Bob Moyse. Front Row-Marion Earle, Gladys Pollard, Cleve Gerry, John McWilliams (President), Marguerite Ross, Kay Garland. Ir'-~'~'~~'~';'~~"'~'~'~'~"";"~'"'~;'~';';:'''''''·· ···..11 ~ •••••••••••••••••••••••••I •• DEBATING YEAR IN REVIEW ••••••••••••••••••••••••• • 11 11•••••••••••••••••••••••••UNITED COLLEGES DEBATING EXECUTIVE Back Row-George Marshall, Bill Lawson, Bill Davis, Fraser Kiersted, Alex. McDiarmid. Middle Row-Grant Smith, Frances Grant, Evelyn Isaacovitch, Bill Paterson, J. Ferguson. Front Row-Marie Graves, Janet Storey, Dr. C. W. Kierstead (Honorary President), A. Murray Smith (President), Margaret McCulloch, Kay MacKay. The United Colleges Debating Society has in the past year completed a satisfactory term of activity. From the opening studentfaculty debate until the' awarding of the inter-class trophy both terms were filled with an increasing number of events. That professors should be "neither heard nor seen" seemed to have been the opinion of the judges who refused to render a decision on the student-faculty debate. The affirmative of the debate was taken by the students, represented by William Paterson and G. Eliott Bolton, while the negative was upheld by Miss E. D. Bowes and Mr. J. W. Pickersgill. Inter-class debating was of a high order, as many topics of vital importance were discussed, commending goodly attendances and [39] much discussion from the floor. The Junior Division was won by First Year, while victors in the Senior series were the doubty divines. The final debate saw fearful frosh sunk in overwhelming defeat before the onslaught of the menacing ministers, represented by A. Murray Smith and another theolog. Gloria in excelsis. The month of February witnessed the annual U. C. - Brandon forensic exhibition, won in both cases by the travelling teams. Messrs. Paterson and Irwin represented the college at home while Misses McCulloch and Badger, the latter a popular parson, caught the train to Brandon. Hearty congratulations are due all four. Outstanding in achievement was the retention of the Dingwall cup, symbolic of supremacy in the interfaculty debating series. This cup having been won for some years in succession by United Colleges "whose lads are great in loud debate" (apologies to W.K.) had, for the past three years reposed undisturbed arid uncontested in our halls. The revival of the series found the trophy secure upon its pedestal, and it may be observed in the lower library upon request, U. C. having once more emerged triumphant against fearful odds. In the interfaculty and regular U. M. S. U. Debating Union debates, United Colleges have been well represented, chiefly by a large number of the rollicking reverends, prominent amongst whom was A. Murray Smith. Half of the travelling debaters in the McGoun Trophy series was made up of students from United Colleges, represented by A. Murray Smith. Congratulations: To the Rev. George Merwin Foster Marshall (a theolog) Past President of the Debating Society and recipient of a debating merit award. To Norma Richmond Law, Lady Stick, for the securing of a debating merit award. Miss Law participated in three interfaculty debates and, although not a theolog, won all three with the assistance of a theolog. To Margaret Annette McCulloch, secretary of the Debating Society and successful in securing a debating merit award. Miss McCulloch was a member of the travelling team to Brandon, in company with a theolog. To William Paterson, who, although not a member of the Theological Society, has been honored by Election to the presidency of the U. C. D. S. [40] ToA. Murray Smith, President of Debating, and Presidentelect of Theology, for his participation in the McGoun Trophy debates. Mr. Smith also has been elected VicePresident of the U. M. -S. U. Debating Union and Secretary of the United Colleges Debating Society. To the Matriculation and First Year Classes, for their series of class debates. All these things being considered, it cannot but be obvious that the United Colleges Debating Society has had a successful year of debating, and expectations are high for at least a partial continuation of this success under the new regime. Nunc dimittis. A. MURRAY SMITH, President. [411 rr···_······ ················· ~.~.~_ _..· ···11 ~ •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••, ••••••••••••• • VOX• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •1 To the student body of 1937-1938, the staff of Vox commends its successors, and begs for them the support and encouragement of all who read the magazine. They will need it for, as has been pointed out on sb many previous occasions, the life of an editor is not a happy one. During the past year, however, there have been comparatively few worries to make the staff prematurely grey. This was, perhaps, due to the fact that lack of a secretary obviated the necessity for minutes, the chief curse of staff meetings. In consequence the only record of the work done this year will be the four issues which have been presented to the student body. Needless to say, all were late, but this has become a tradition with Vox. Gratitude must be expressed not only to the staff, who have been most loyal and, happy situation, frank in their criticism, but also to the contributors. Though they have been badgered, bullied, and on one occasion at least, publicly subjected to grevious insult, all have done their part in creating Volume X. We thank them. "VOX" EDITORIAL BOARD Back Row-Earle Beattie, Reg. W. Bundy, Douglas Irwin, Austin M. Gamble. Middle Row-Prof. A. R. M. Lower (Honorary President), Charles Mackenzie (Editorin- Chief), A. D. Longman (Alumni Editor). Front Row-Margaret McCulloch, Helene Johnstone, Jean Lavender. Missing-Robert J. Leighton, William A. McKay. UNITED COLLEGES SOCIAL COMMITTEE UNITED COLLEGES Back Row-Gordon Barrable. Doris Martin, Alex. Cairns, Margaret Blair, Andy Eustace. Elsie McIntosh, Clifford Hurst. Front Row-Peggy J. Morrison, Lorne Elliot (President), Prof. Watson Kirkconnell (Honorary President), Marion Earle (Vice-President), Avard Fryer (Secretary), Kay Flett. Missing-Bob Ross. UNITED COLLEGES CO-ED EXECUTIVE Back Row-Janet Storey, Helen Marsh, Joy Gooderidge, Margaret Gilchrist, Margaret McCulloch. Front Row-Margaret Riddell, Bea. Lawson (Vice-President), Norma Law (Lady Stick). Mrs. L. F. S. Ritcey (Honorary President), Leonore Lytle (Secretary-Treasurer). [r"'~'~~;'~~":~~"'~';~'~~~~~"~~'::;~~~~"~~~~~~""11 : ~ SOCIAL AND LITERARY COMMITTEE REPORT The Social and year of social activities completed. Consequently I will present the social calendar of the completed year in review. The new college session and the Freshmen were ushered in on October 9th, 1936, with Wesley participating in the Monster Freshman Reception, held at the Royal Alexandra Hotel. For this event Wesley had one of the largest ball-rooms with Harold Greene's Orchestra for its private dance till 10.30 p.m. The Annual Freshman Promenade was a feature of this event. Wesley, after paying its share of the deficit, had a small credit balance. The Wesley Return Dance, under the disguise of the "Coppers' Capers" was held this year on January 8th in the Crystal Ballroom of the Royal Alexandra Hotel, with Harold Green supplying the music. The event was prepared with the greatest economy possible, for that type of dance, and although it was far from being a financial success, reports are that it was a social success worthy of Wesley College. Although it was a financial failure, I would not recommend its discontinuance, but would rather urge that it be retained for I would say that that money outlay benefited Wesley students far more, proportionately, than the Annual Dinner and Dance, also it is practically the only other event planned by the committee which gives experience for planning the Grad's Farewell. Stunt Night was held in Convocation Hall on February 13th with the trophy going to Class '37, though not without very stiff competition. This same stunt was entered in Varsity Varities and acquitted itself creditably. The Annual Skating Party was not held in Convocation Hall this year as previously reported, but at the Wesley Rink and then returning to Convocation Hall for refreshments, sing-song, scuffle, and dance. The Annual Grads' Farewell Dinner and Dance was held Friday, March 19th, at the Royal Alexandra Hotel, with 510 sitting down to dinner. Speeches were exceptionally good and those members of this council who made certain of those speeches are certainly to be highly congratulated on them. After the Dinner, Harold Green and Stewie Chevrier supplied music in the Crystal Suite till the next morning. With ,~his event the duties of the 1936-37 Social [45] Committee terminated. Since all the bills have not yet been received, it is not possible to give a complete financial report, but I have prepared a separate table which, I think, will indicate the financial position of. the Social Committee. It will be noticed that contrary to the Treasurer's statement in last Council meeting, that the Social Committee is not hopelessly beyond its budget, but- rather $75 to $100 below it. I might suggest in this connection that a committee finds its work and worries greatly lightened if at the beginning of the year it is not given a minimum budget, but rather one in which, as was the case this year, it has the opportunity of being economical itself. I would recommend the retaining of all these events, but might suggest that the three major events be distributed among the three large hotels as was the custom several years ago. In this connection it might be observed whether those we patronize advertise in our publications. I would recommend that Council foster more of the small social events held in the College, such as Skating Party, and even the suggestion was made of a small New Year's Eve Party. I further wish to praise the individual members of the Social Committee to Council, for almost without exception, they have worked unstintingly and energetically, and in this connection special mention should be made of our Vice-President, Marian Earle, our Secretary, Avard Fryer, and of the new Social President, Kay Flett, who won unanimous approval when she was elected. To Kay and her committee I wish a very successful season next year, and express the hope that they may find as much enjoyment and pleasure in the execution of their duties as the retiring committee has found. In conclusion I wish to thank those members of the committee and of the Council who so readily loaned their assistance towards preparing a successful social season, and also to express appreciation to the general student body for their participation in these events prepared by the Social Committee. Respectfully submitted, LORNE J. C. ELLIOTT, President, Social Committee, 1936-37. II " ' Open all night 1VI00re s-- including Sunday [46] ;.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• '11 .. II COED ASSOCIATION II ;.................................................. COED ASSOCIATION .....................................................................................• Coed activities during the past year have been characterized by a spirit of enthusiastic co-operation and unity on the part of the young women of Wesley College. We, of the 1936-37 executive, feel that their interest has made this report possible. Over a hundred freshettes and Grade XII coeds were welcomed at a "Children's Party" held the beginning of the fall term. Rompers and hair-ribbons, games and nursery rhymes contributed to the hilarity of an occasion which completely shattered senior dignity and freshman fright. The annual Coed Banquet and Stunt Night was an outstanding event of October. Second term saw preparations for a "Tulip Tea" given in aid of the Alumnae Bursary Fund. The women's organizations, affiliated with this faculty, cooperated splendidly with us, and the coeds of every year were eager in their acceptance of invitation responsibility. As a result the success of this function exceeded our highest expectations. . There have been others and less conspicuous events in the coed calendar, but perhaps these few highlights will suffice in what purposes to be but a brief review of a busy year. We have participated actively in the program of the U. M. S. U. Women's Association-the sponsoring system, the Fall Hike, the Coeds' Ball from which Wesley girls carried off the Chorus Trophy, the Coed Debate, the "Manitoban" with the headline, and the annual banquet. To all these events we have given our whole-headed support and have in return received those benefits of mutual understanding and friendship which result from interfaculty co-operation. To a loyal and energetic executive, this year's Lady Stick wishes to express sincere appreciation. The Social Committee, too, deserves particular recognition for its untiring efforts throughout the whole year-Jessie Blackwood (convenor), Marion Earle, Norma Dow, Helen Thompson, and Peggy Donnelly. To Janet Storey and her executive, who entertained so capably in honor of the graduates last March, we extend our best wishes for success in 1937-38. NORMA LAW, Lady Stick. [47] r"~'~::'~'~'~"~';"~~~:~"~'~~'~"~~~';~;';;'~~'~'~'~';~'~';;""'l L J SUMMARY OF MEN'S CLUB ACTIVITIES, 1936-37 The Men's Colleges) came into being in 1936, under the able leadership of George Thurston. Previously, because of the three distinct divisions of Arts, Theology, and Collegiate, the men of the College were necessarily separated from easily contacting members of each of the divisions. The Men's Club is the link which can join the men of these separate departments into one body. During the last year the Men's Club was not as well publicized among the student body as it might have been. We sincerely hope, however, that a foundation was laid which will allow for a strong organization to be built in the life of the College. At the beginning of the year a Freshman's hike was held, which proved quite helpful for those present. Many of the chaps got to know men in their year whom they had not known previously and they heard some excellent advice proferred to them by some of the professors. In second term we held a Men's Banquet in the lower library and all members present seemed to enjoy themselves. We hope that following the precedent of the last two years a Men's banquet will become an annual get-together of all the men of the student body for an evening's entertainment. In closing this brief summary, I want to extend best wishes to the new 1937-1938 Men's Club executive. We know that the club will grow into a strong organization to foster friendship and cooperation among the men and through them to bring strength and support to the interests of the College as a whole. H. ANDREW LAWRENCE, '37, President. For a Superior Haircut BOULEVARD BARBER SHOP 477 PORTAGE AVE. (Just west of Colony St.) FIRST CLASS BARBERS Pictures, Frames and Calendars lir4aritauu iru!l. ~aUtrit!l Phone 37496 [48] 332 MAIN ST. PHONE 96851 ............, , .. II Review of Awards Committee, 1936-1937 I ......................................................................................................................................~.. At the close of the College year, awards were presented to deserving students for work in the various extra curricular activi, ties of the College for executive ability, for achievements in athletics, dramatics and debating. The following is the list of the awards presented: 7 Athletic Merit Awards and Scrolls. 7 Executive Merit Awards and Scrolls. 3 Debating Awards. 3 Dramatic Awards. 40 Junior and Senior Athletic Certificates. 34 Junior and Senior Athletic Letters. 5 Bowling Prizes. 4 Curling Prizes. 2 Crests for Inter-Class Track Meet. 1 Tennis Cup. 1 Golf Cup. In all quite an imposing list of awards for College activities, to say nothing of the awards won by various students and teams in interfaculty debating and athletics. May the student body of United Colleges continue to do as well in its extra-curricular activities and at the same time maintain the high standard achieved by the students in the regular curricular work. H. ANDREW LAWRENCE, '37, Chairman. KENNEDY BROS. :Butchers CHOICE MEATS, FISH, POULTRY ·.<)11-------------'.. SAUSAGE OUR SPECIALTY ..~--_._---------,(>.. 569 Ellice Avenue [49J Phone 33213 FACE READING IN THE LIBRARY By C.' WE have been reading that little book on face reading. You know -how to tell a man or a woman, by their facial characteristics and the way they do things. So we thought we'd try it in the library with our fellow beings as subjects-or objects. We scan the faces for something interesting to start on. Most of them must be two-faced, we decided, and they are wearing the face we couldn't read even if we were more experienced. The ones who aren't chewing gum or talking in an audible whisper are buried in "Manitobans." And the book dealt with faces in repose and nothing was said about those in motion. There seemed to be only the latter kind on hand. One conclusion was easily drawn. Tuesdays and Fridays are poor days to study faces in the library. You can't observe much through a "Manitoban." But suddenly our attention is held by a young man in the corner. Alone he sits-alone-and no "Manitoban" no chewing gum, nothing ,but quietness and peace. His body is carefully relaxed in the approved manner. And on his face there is a look of deepest concentration. Surely it must be Shakespeare or Aristotle who brought that look into his face. We made a mental note to look him up for scholarships. Truly life for him was real and earnest. We HAD to find out what he read, and so we sauntered past his chair-carefully, softly, so as not to disturb his mood. But he was in a trance too deep to hear our size twelve with the good-as-new squeak. Over his shoulder we read "Western Story" for the current week. Weare disillusioned. So we concentrate on the filial affection displayed on all sides of us. Most of them must be German-for "Oh, Mutter, Mutter" sounds from every corner. And the heart of us grows bitter within us. There is the student who can't study unless he's alone, and there is the one who needs a member of the opposite sex to excite his mentality. There is the one who makes notes in his book and the one who draws faces on the table. There is the one who talks, the one who uses pantomime, the one who day-dreams and the dozens who giggle. It's a queer place, but the queerest fact of all is the fact that the student who often can remember nothing but the color of the book he signed out and the one who wanders around with his notes on one table, his books on another while he aimlessly wanders around often gets the best results. A funny business-« absorbing knowledge. [50] UNITED COLLEGES TRACK TEAM Back Row-Hugh McFadden. Norm. McEwan. Harold Lacey. Carl Olafson. Bill Davis. . Warren Carlton. Lawrence Neil. Middle Ro'W-Harry Fainstein, Norma Verner. Marcia Voorheis. Cleve Gerry. Gladys Pollard. Jean Thompson. Max Kantorovich, Jack Barker Max Kantorovieh, Jack Barker. Front Row~Helen Marsh. Leonore Lytle. Missing-Ernie McEwan. Ted Cohen. Breta Powles. UNITED COLLEGES JUNIOR SOCCER Back Row-Ted Sangster. Morten Parker. Jim Mitchell. Bert Ruccius, George Reynolds Bert Ruecius, Charles McBride. Andy Eustace. Front Row-Howard Woodsworth. Marino Anderson. Bill McTavish, Paul Long, Wilf. Book Book. UNITED COLLEGES JUNIOR HOCKEY Back Row-Harold Cousens, Bill Dyke, Charles McBride, Ron. Musgrove, Avard Fryer. Middle Row-Owen Weightman, Tom Millar, Harold Lacey, Charlie Lorimer. Missing-Lee Carroll, Marino Anderson. UNITED COLLEGES JUNIOR A BASKETBALL Jim Mitchell, Ray Mark, Ed Galovan, Charles Lorimer, Bob Moyse, Stan Scott, Alex. Cairns. Missing-Graham Pincock. UNITED COLLEGES SENIOR SOCCER Back Row-Ray Mark, Ian Sinclair, Bill Davis, John McWilliams, Lawrence Neil. Middle Row-Alex. Cairns, Cleve Gerry, Charlie Lorimer, Norman McEwan. Front Row-Phil Jones, Harry Fainstein. Missing-Tom Saunders, Ernie McEwan. UNITED COLLEGES RUGBY TEAM Back Row-Dave Serebrin, Dick Mahoney, Bill McKay, Jim Mitchell, Warren Carleton, Jack Ross, Ross McDiarmid. ' Middle Row-Charles MacDonald, Norman Christie, Bob Moyse, Harold Cousens, Cliff Comrie, Avard Fryer. Front Row-Cleve Gerry. Bill Anderson, Jim Passalis (Coach). Norm. White. Ken MacKenzie. Missing-Don Hagel, Gordon Thomas, Alfred Pratt, Gordon Lucas, Robert J. Leighton. Bruce Hunter, Ab. Riley. UNITED COLLEGES CO-ED JUNIOR I BASKETBALL Ona Thompson, Leonore Lytle, Helen Marsh, Ruth Guinn, Isobel Grierson, Margaret Riddell, Dorothy Shumway. Missing-Alexa Swan. UNITED COLLEGES CURLING Standing-Norman Christie, Ross McDiarmid, Avard Fryer, Tom Henderson, Ken MacKenzie, Royden Lee, Bill Dodd, Ross Homer, Rod Hunter, Bill McTavish, Harold Couzens, Jack Barker. Sitting-Marion Earle, Joan Dey, Helen Marsh, Jean Babb. UNITED COLLEGES CO-ED HOCKEY Ona Thompson, Helen Marsh, Elaine Wardrop, Gladys Pollard, Cleve Gerry A Complete Service • ARTISTS PHOTO-ENGRAVERS COMMERCIAL PHOTOGRAPHERS ELECTROTYPERS STEREOTYPERS WAX-ENGRAVERS • Special Department to handle and advise in the compiling of Collegiate PeriodicalsYear Books-Programmes, Etc. • Telephone 23 850 - 9 290 VAUGHAN ST. WINNIPEG JOHN McWILLIAMS MURRAY SMITH DOUGLAS FRASER MOLLY ROGERS LORNE ELLIOTT President Athletics President Debating Secretary of Council President Dramatics Pres. Social and Lit. A. GRANT SMITH REG. W. BUNDY Brown and Gold Rep. Manitoba Rep. JANET STOREY JESSIE BLACKWOOD MARGARET RIDDELL BEATRICE LAWSON Jun. Rep. Women's Ass'n Sen. Rep. Co-eds Ass'n Jun. Rep. Co-eds Ass'n Vice-Pres. Co-eds CHARLES MACKENZIE ROD O. HUNTER NORMA R. LAW ALISTER McDIARMID Editor of Vox Senior Stick Lady Stick Vice-Pres. Collegiate AUSTIN M. GAMBLE G. ELLIOTT BOLTON WM. PATERSON JIM HUMPHRIES Treasurer Sen. U.M.S.U. Rep. Jun. U.M.S.U. Rep. Pres. Collegiate TOM SAUNDERS ANDREW LAWRENCE MR. L. F. S. RITCEY WM. LAWSON JOHN MCNABB President Theology Pres. Fourth Year Faculty Rep. Pres. Third Year Pres. First Year STUDENT COUNCIL [56] Ir······_···········..···········~·~·~·~·~·~·~·····~·~·~··~ ..~··;·~························ ..····1 ;.••••••••••••••••••• r ••••••••••••••••••••••••• STUDENT COUNCIL •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.; The economy virus, now so prevalent amongst executive organIzations, apparently attacked the 1936-37 Council, with emaciating results for the budget. Council recovered, however, and its convalescence was hastened by the discovery, that, thanks to its selfdenial, it had somewhat more funds than usual to distribute to various "worthy causes" for permanent improvements to the College. Although it economized in financial fields, Council preserved intact that foundation of democracy, the right of free speech. The student body may rest assured that each point of action was healthily sunned and aired before being decided upon. Rod Hunter, Senior Stick, was able to keep councillors from each other's throats, and greatly reduced the number of casualties attributable to elastic bands. All councillors were more or less alert even at 1 a.m., and nobody stood to their posts throughout the constitutional quibblings and oratorical circumlocutions of our home-grown Solon and Solomon. Council was reduced, though not to tears, by the abolition of the position of "Manitoban" representative. The new policy of the "Brown and Gold" was frowned upon with full senatorial dignity, but seems to have survived. Final Council meetings seem to be a most popular institution: it is suggested that in future they be made more frequent. D. M. FRASER, Secretary. ]I ~ , Open all night IV100re S -- including Sunday [57] rr·······························..·~·;·~··~·;·~··;·· ..;·~····~:·~·;··~·········· ...·····················il !"•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• STORIES IN MUSIC •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••! PROGRAMME music, describing something or other, is much in vogue with modern composers. Take a locomotive, for instance; can that be described by an orchestra? Yes, it has been done by Honegger in his extraordinary tone poem, "Pacific 231." The noisy, puffing engine has not been described to perfection-but why not go down to the railway station and hear it, instead of listening to it at a symphony concert? It shows, however, how clever our modern composers are in the way of producing noise instead of music. The composers of today have a vast store of musical materials from which to select their means of expression. In the first place they have all the conventional formulae which were invented by the fathers of the art. But, in addition to these, they have the enormous sweep and variety of modern harmony and the georgeous tonal palette of the modern orchestra. Haydn and Mozart found it possible to say all that they had to say with two flutes, two oboes, two bassoons, two horns, two trumpets, tympani, and the usual distribution of stringed instruments played with bows. In their later works they introduced clarinets. The symphonic composer of today equips himself with a piccolo, three flutes, two oboes, an English horn, four clarinets, a bass clarinet, a double-bass clarinet, three bassoons, a contra-bassoon, eight horns, two tubas, kettle drums, snare-drums, triangle, bells, gongs, six harps, and many stringed instruments. Sometimes even these are insufficient, and the composer introduces instruments not recognized as musical at all. Richard Strauss, for example, has borrowed the wind machine of the theatre to realize a storm in his tone-poem "Don Quixote." With such means of experimentation it is not at all astonishing that the composers of today produce wierd and wonderful results. If we turn back about two hundred and fifty years, what do we find? Johann Kuhnau (1660-1722) had a use for program music. His "Bible Sonatas" are curious and interesting. In these six compositions for the clavier (the piano of his day) he tries to describe such events as the battle of David and Goliath, the dissipation of Saul's melancholy by the power of music, the marriage of Jacob, etc.' He wrote an interesting preface to his music, explaining his aims and defending this type of composition. He tells us of a remarkable [58] piece of program music by one of his predecessors. This composition was entitled "La Medica" and described the sufferings of a sick man,· the attentions of the physician, and the progress of the illness. At the end came a gigue marked in the score with "The patient is progressing favorably, but not quite recovered his health." And this failure to reach complete recovery was indicated by a persistent postponement of a carefully prepared modulation in harmony! Kuhnau proceeded logically. He admitted that only the broad emotions could be published by music, and that a textual explanation was necessary when anything else was attempted. The calm confidence with which Kuhnau embarked upon the task of describing the conflict between David and Goliath is delightful. This terrible struggle is written for the clavier, a very tinkly and light instrument as compared with our piano.. For the same purpose Richard Strauss would need an orchestra of not less than one hundred and twenty-five men. The great Bach was guilty of one attempt at programme music in his "Capriccio On the Departure of My Dearly Beloved Brother." In this he depicts the arguments of friends trying to persuade him to give up the journey, the dangers of the journey, laments of companions saying adieu, and winds up with a cheerful figure on the posthorn call. At about the same time Couperin composed a set of pieces called "The Pilgrims" and Rameau was writing "La Poule" and "The Cyclops." These last two composers tried to describe almost everything in music. Many of their compositions are to be had in the University Library. "Les Clavecinistes francais" and a volume of Rameau contain many beautiful works. These old writers of programme music formulated no theories, wrote naturally, not forcedly, as do the greater number of the modern writers. Ernest Newman, the great English critic and champion of modernism in music, asks, "Who would believe that a windmill . could be represented in music? Yet-Strauss' windmill in 'Don Quixote' is really extraordinarily clever and satisfying." The same "Don Quixote" is the most clever and complicated piece of musical realism invented in these times. And yet, all this has been attempted before. For example, Don Quixote, seeing an empty boat, is sure that it has been sent by magic for his benefit. Once he and Sancho are afloat, the knight's theme becomes a barcarolle. The boat capsizes and the two swim ashore. Froberger, who died in 1667,wrote for the clavier a description of Count von Hum's passage on the Rhine, in which all the dangers encountered by him [59] are described in twenty-six little tone-pictures. And the Count's boat upsets, too! In his "Symphonia Domestica" Strauss went still further into musical realism. He told the story of a day in his family life, using three principal themes, representing Papa, Mama, and the Baby. In this remarkable tone poem one even hears the baby spanked! But hadn't Kuhnau described the striking of Goliath's head by the stone from David's sling? The weakness of programme music is that it means little without its story. In short, many people can write programme music that is worth while, but it takes a genius to write pure music that is worth while. [601 r·.······:·······_······:~::~;····:~~:·~·:~·~~~···········_····:·· .··"[1 ~••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ALUMNI ALUMNAEQUE •••••••••••••••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •••••••••••••• In-the special Historical Number of Vox, published in January, the names of former editors were listed. Among these was that of Earl P. Scarlett, '16, now a prominent Calgary physician. Dr. Scarlett's interest and skill as an essayist have not been allowed to lie idle because of the pressure of preoccupations of professional duties. He has submitted many articles to the Canadian Medical Association Journal. A number of these, forming a series, have recently been published under the title, "Medicine and Poetry." The editor of volume 16, Rev. George Dorey, '12, of Regina, has recently been appointed by the United Church of Canada as secretary of Home Missions. * * * * The marriage of Dr. George M. Furnival, '29, and Marion Marguerite Fraser of St. Thomas, North Dakota, was solemnized in St. Luke's church on March 8, Canon Bertal Heeney officiating. The bridegroom was attended by his brother, W. Evans R. Furnival, '29. Dr. and Mrs. Furnival will reside at Lochalsh, Ont., where Dr. Furnival is employed by The O'Brien Mining Company. A * * * * The births of the following sons of graduates have been reported to Vox since the publication of the last issue: To Mr. L. G. Bishop and Mrs. Bishop (Mary Davidson, '28), in London, England, in June last-Nigel James. To. Mr. B. Harold Stinson, '31, and Mrs. Stinson, in Wawanesa, on October 19, 1936-David James Harold. To. Mr. Bruce J. McKitrick, '29, and Mrs. McKitrick, at the Winnipeg General Hospital, on December 11, 1936-Allan George. To. Rev. R. J. Love, '30, and Mrs. Love, at Port Simpson, B.C., on March 4, 1937-Robert Davidson. To Rev. George A. McMillan, Theo. '34, and Mrs. McMillan, of Miniota, Man., at the Winnipeg General Hospital, on March 21Donald Gordon. * * * * Ernest T. Leech, K.C., '01, on February 18, was re-elected chairman of the Industrial Development Board of Manitoba. [61] J. K. Sparling, K.C., '93, upon retiring from active scouting after nearly twenty years in active association with the Boy Scouts, was awarded the Silver Acorn, the second highest award in scouting. * * * * On March 21, after a very short illness, occurred the death of Mr. Arthur E. Hearn, '98, principal of Aberdeen School since 1903. Mr. Hearn, a graduate of Manitoba College, was an outstanding leader in the educational development of this province and in the community life of Winnipeg for nearly forty years. His son, Gordon Hearn, graduated from Wesley College in 1934. * * * A special honor has just come to a member of Class '34 in the person of Austin L. Wells who was recently received as Doctor of the University of Paris. His thesis concerned the Bronte sisters, particularly the European interest and influence in their work. In the preface to his published work, copies of which have arrived in Winnipeg, he expresses his gratitude to several of his professors, naming Professor Jean-Marie Carre, of the Sorbonne; Paul de Reul, of the University of Brussels, and Victor Leathers and Arthur L. Phelps, of Wesley College in the University of Manitoba. Dr. Wells and his wife are returning to Canada in May. VISIT ... :J3rathwaite S FOUNTAIN, TEA ROOM PORTAGE AT VAUGHAN Two blocks east of the College BANK AT THE ROYAL BANK OF CANADA PORTAGE and GOOD BRANCH WINNIPEG II ff ' Open all night lVlOOre S-- including Sunday [62] An Interesting Fact Grace Moore's Secretary was a student of the Dominion Business College, Winnipeg, just two years ago! "Not failure, but low aim is crime." DOMINION BUSINESS COLLEGE THE MALL ELMWOOD ST. JAMES ST. JOHN'S A going away present of a fine Watch, Ring _or Brooch purchased from Feldsted's will always be cherished. Come in and see our complete line of Quality Jewellery. :J3on CVoyage • • • Quality Jewellers Enjoying the Confidence of those who know. 447 PORTAGE AVE., Opp. the "Bay" PHONE 26224 Scott- Bathgate Company Ltd. McCormick's Biscuits and Confectionery Nutty Club Salted Peanuts THINK. ! You actually save from 1Il5 to 1Il10 BUY FROM FRANK McCOMB Suits Tailored to Measure $18 to $25 FRANK McCOMB Formerly Scanlan & McComb 403 PORTAGE AVENUE Compliments of , .. wqr lIalliugfnrb Jrr!l6 • Phone 213611 /Recapture 79hat fJ{appy event . Whether it be Wedding, Graduation or Anniversary, a fine Photograph will keep it forever fresh in your memory. GAUVIN, GENTZEL CO. Photo81'aphel's :: CA.l'tists PHONE 24487 515 AVENUE BUILDING Information and literature on Canadian Pacific service to Hono!u!u, A ustra!ia. New Zealand. China, Japan, Manila. gladly supplied. A Summer Holiday TOUR of EUROPE! For the grandest vacation of your whole life, tour Europe this summer with an organized party of congenial companions, personally conducted by experienced World travellers. Travelroyally, on a large, modern Canadian Pacific Atlantic liner. Deck games, dancing, talkies, parties, splendid meals, all in a -friendly atmosphere. ASK ABOUT INEXPENSIVE STUDENT TOURS Secure literature. maps and further information from your local travel agent. or W. C. CASEY, Steamship General Passenger Agent. C.P.R. Bldg., Winnipeg. Phones 92458 -7. The EATON Portrait Studio - features good quality portraits at popular prices. Among the attractive offers are- Offer No.1 Six Portraits, ,lize 4 by 6 inches, in easel folder 7 by 10 inches and 1 large portralt in frame. All for- 55.00 Offer No.2 Six Portraits, size 3 by 4~~ Jnches, in smart easel mount. All for- 53.00 Offer No.3 Three large POrtraits. size 7 by 9 inches, nicely mounted. All for- 55.00 Portrait Studlo, Seventh Floor, Portage "BUSINESS EDUCATION" University students may combine business education with their academic studies by taking. "Success" instruction during spare class periods. We admit into our Day Classes only students of Grade XI (supplements accepted) and higher standing. MONTHLY ENROLLMENT PLAN Full-day attendance-Cost $15.00 Half-day attendance-Cost $1.0.00 Quarter-day attendance-Cost $5.00 Evening School attendance--Cost $5.00 Select from the Followina: Shorthand, Typewriting, Accounting, Business Correspondence, Commercial Law, Penmanship, Arithmetic, Spelling, Economics, Business Organization, Money and Banking, Secretarial Science, Library Science, Comptometer, Personality Development, Salesmanship. Call for an Interview,. Write U. or Phone 25843 • BUSINESS COLLEGE Pol1ap Ave. at Edmonton St. WINNIPEG (Bm ktlO1Dn for ttl Thorough ltutTUcticm) |
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