Vox 1937 June

              Vol. X
Vox Box
JUNE, 1937
UNITED COLLEGES
WINNIPEG, MANITOBA WINNIPEG, ~BA
No.4
EVERYTHING FOR
THE STUDENT
• Whether it is a pencil, a note­book,
or a textbook, the Book
Department is ready to supply
your class-room wants. This de­partment
is operated by the
University for the college stu­dents
of Winnipeg. Prices are
kept at the minimum.
• Have you seen the new model
Zipper Notebooks with "eye
ease" paper? They are the stu­dent
sensation of the year. The
Book Department's exclusive
loose leaf notebooks all have
the new paper.
• Remember - prices are always
the lowest possible.
UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA
·BOOK DEPARTMENT
TWO STORES:
Broadway Bldg., Winnipeg Arts Bldg., Fort Carry
"VOX" EDITORIAL BOARD
1936-37
•
Honorary President .:. -:-._._,_._ _ A. R. M. LOWER, M.A., Ph.D.
Editor-in-Chief·...._ _"'-'•.:._.;...._..__._..__ __._..CHARLES MACKENZIE, '37
Associate Editor _ _ -"_. .._.~ ROBERT J. LEIGHTON, Theo.
WILLIAM A. MCKAY .. MARGARET MCCULLOCH, '37 Bu IIetm· .Board Edl'ot rs .•,:.•__ Alumni Editor _..'-._ _._._ _A. D. LONGMAN, B.A.
Business Manager _._..~ _._ _._._._, _.AUSTIN GAMBLE, '37
Circulation Manager _.._ .._._ _ _R. W. BUNDY, '37
Class Representatives
'37 HELEN JOHNSTONE '39 JEAN LAVENDER
'38 DOUGLAS IRWIN '40 JAMES DOW
Matriculation-EARLE BEATTIE
VOL. X JUNE,1937
CONTENTS
No.4
PAGB
Editorial . .__. . ..-"c~_. c. c__._.________________________ 3
J azz ._~ . ~ ._- : ._____ 7
Poetry .__. : . . ._.. ._______________________ 11
A Step Towards Canadian Nationalism __. . ~ .__ 1~
Has Labor a National Boundary? . . .. . . 13
Nonsense in English Verse .__.__.__.;... . ._____ 17
Sir James Matthew Barrie, a.M. _. ._.. ._c • •• 23
Conferring of Degrees in Theology ._. . c 28
And So He Entered Law .__. . . 30
Face Reading in the Library . ~ . . .__..__ 50
Alumni Alumnaeque _..__. . ... .__. .____________ 63
THE PIER-GIMLI, MAN.
-...:==-: -~ ---- -.-:. --------_-.--- _... - -.----,:--,-----~.;.--- _!:~~=- -: ;;;: ~ '" :5:'E.::..:: ----=;..:o..
e _=-:_.".~ ~
-... - -"'"- IJ, ...._-_. _ ~
--- -_. .:::::::..-.:..----
"'-=-~~I __- -
MARGARET MCCULLOCH, '37.
editorial
OPPORTUNITIES AND WALNUTS
The late Sir James M. Barrie, in his address upon being made a
burgess of Dumfries, spoke of the Spanish proverb: "God gives us
walnuts when we have no .teeth to crack them." This, he said, is
only a half truth; and gave as another definition of genius, "To know
how best to crack your walnuts." There is a great deal behind this
thought. Many things are given to men who can make use of them
-who have not the wherewithal to develop their gifts. The man of
genius who has no teeth with which to crack his walnuts, improvises
a nut-cracker; and opens them so as to get the most out of them.
Joseph Conrad came to England at the age of twenty-four, a young
Pole, knowing not a word of English. Today he remains as one of
the greatest stylists in the whole range of English prose literature,
which is as much as to say, in the whole world's literary scope.
Conrad had a walnut that was difficult to crack, but his genius
overcame his obstacles gloriously. From Barrie's interpretation of
the proverb we get the thought: God has done his part in providing
the opportunity; the rest is for man.
* * * *
THE UNIVERSITY STUDENT AND THE WORLD
IT IS about this time of year that many university students begin
to give serious thought to their future. Behind, them lie the years
of preparation, for the most part happy and carefree; before them
stretches the world, appalling in its immensity, as contrasted with
their comparative insignificance. It has observed that a University
education has unsettling effects; that it arouses within its possessor
desires for the finer things of life, and a great aversion to mediocrity.
It is the fear of many that the years of their college course have
been wasted, in that they might have been better spent in gaining
the practical experience of men and affairs which can only come
from practical contact with the world. But the abstract benefits of
a college course are immeasurable in their value. The "trained mind"
of the college man is becoming more and more necessary to success
in the world of business. Aside from this argument, there is the
satisfaction derived from university training by those who regard
education as an end in itself, and not merely as a means to an end.
It is an unsympathetic outlook which the average university
graduate must face as he steps out into this world. He is popularly
supposed-perhaps, in some cases, with justification-to be con-
[3]
ceited out of all proportion to his attainments; he is generally filled
with high ideals, and imbued with the spirit of supreme self-con­fidence.
Yet who can blame him for this attitude? In the words of
Lord Birkenhead, "the world still continues to offer glittering prizes
to those who have stout hearts and sharp swords"-words that have
been decried by pacifists and reformers, but which are nevertheless
true and will be so while human nature is what it is. Life has been
compared variously to a pilgrimage, a voyage,' and a battle; and
each of these comparisons implies difficulties with which to con­tend,
obstacles to surmount. It is the man with the stout heart and
the sharp sword who will emerge triumphant, for it is in the con­quering
of trials and misfortunes that character is formed.
CONTRIBUTORS
CHESTER DUNCAN, '34
WILLIAM McKAY, Theo.
IAN D. SINCLAIR, '37
MORTON PARKER, '40
CLARENCE JOHNSON '38
ELSIE COUSINS
ALL SUB-COMMITTEE HEADS
All photographs supplied through the courtesy of Harold B.
Stringer, Editor-in-Chief of "Brown and Gold."
[4J
VAILEIDllCllOI~Y
VALEDICTORY Delivered by Ian D. Sinclair to the Graduating Arts on the occasion ofthe Annual Dinner, Royal Alexandra
Hotel, Friday, March 19, 1937. Graduating Class
Mr. President, Members of the Faculty,
Ladies and Gentlemen.
FIRST, I would like to thank the members of my class who have
chosen me Valedictorian: Upon me has been conferred a great
honor and it will be my purpose to attempt to express in some meas­ure
the thoughts of uswho are about to say "farewell."
To say that we leave with regret is merely expressing a self­evident
fact. Wesley has become a very real part of our lives. YO\!
can understand our difficulty in saying "good-bye." However, we
may perhaps be allowed to take some measure of comfort from the
reflection that we have memories of the every day meetings in hall
and classroom, class functions, stunt nights, athletics, which we
shall always carry with us and which will become more treasured
and more significant as time passes.
Class '37, as you all know, is a remarkable class. So remarkable
that it has succeeded on a number of occasions of becoming "front
page" news. But this I would like you to know, if among us there
are those who balance books upon their heads, there are also those
who balance books within their heads. Moreover, if among our mem­bers
there exist people with elements of superficiality who dash
headlong into the forming of clubs and associations they, as is their
due, have received the praise and publicity of the press and at the
same time the just condemnation of the saner element of '37. .
To those of you who are remaining, may I say this-among your
number are many whom we look upon as our closest friends, and if
Wesley had done nothing more than to have made our acquaintance
into a friendship it would have accomplished something which seems
to us to be "great." We know that our friendship will continue
because we have a common interest in the more worthwhile things
of life.
To the men and women under whose guidance and direction
we have been, may we express our most profound thanks for their
r 5]
interest and their encouragement. And we wish them to know their
sacrifices have been appreciated, realizing as we do that on many
instances we have encroached upon their private time and the pur­suit
of their private interests. One of the most unfortunate things in
our eyes incident to our graduation is that our association with these
most learned and respected citizens will through necessity be less
intimate.
Four years ago we entered Wesley College in a manner best
described as tentative and experimental. In a short time we will
leave having been cautiously, gradually and intelligently developed.
We have learned many things at Wesley-many things. But two
seem to be outstanding.
First-We have come to recognize that our fundamental respon­sibility
is the correct functioning of our judgments. Weare pre­pared
to accept that responsibility and we hold it unnecessary to
continually point out to intelligent men and women where, to whom,
and in what their duties lie.
Secondly-We have acquired an increased reverence for truth
and reality and have made of these our touchstones of worthiness.
In the light of this conception, we view with disdain the utterances
of certain world figures in politics and finance who have as their
primary purpose the aggrandisement of narrow interests. We are
searching for ideals and aspirations which become harmonious and
intimate by their appeal to common sense. This I believe to be the
attitude and purpose of '37.
We have succeeded in laying a foundation. The solidness of that
foundation is in many cases due to those who sit to my right and to
my left. And we trust that the structure which we will build will
reflect with credit on the institution and its members with whom we
have had the honor and privilege of a four-year association.
Our lives, our thoughts, our personalities are deeper and richer
due to the influence of United Colleges. The co-operation, the under­standing,
which we have had, has become the root and the fruit of
an abiding friendship.
[6]
JAZZ
By CHESTER DUNCAN
I AM the last person who should be writing an article on jazzl Its
mumbo-jumbo seriousness, which I have always suspected, is
unexampled. I have never been a member of a jazz orchestra. I
have never felt myself exhilarated, lifted, by a brilliant "lick" on
the trumpet or an extravagant piano "break." I do not participate in
the strange happiness which the jazz-be shares with no other human
being. But then, mystic pleasures generally pass me by. Yet scoffing
at jazz is like scoffing at the moon. It exists, it moves, it always has
a comeback; it is as sacrosanct as the Oxford Group and a good
deal more powerful. It vanishes like dandelion before the sickle of
highbrow criticism and bobs up in a hundred other places to mock
the mower.
All of which probably shows that there is a lot more to this
jazz business than the "average music-lover" cares to think about,
except when he has had dreams. J. B. Priestley says in "They Walk
in the City": "If the future historian of our age does not devote a
section of his work -to the consideration of these dance tunes, he
will not know his business. . . . Strictly considered as pieces of
music they are contemptible (the orthodoxy of the average writer's
views on music is really charming) . . . but their influence upon
human destinies must be so staggeringly vast that no contemporary
mind could estimate it." Can anyone doubt it? Jazz rhythms, ideas,
philosophy seriously affect, some would say infect, our lives. Every
day and night hundreds of thousands of radios and gramaphones
all over the world are blaring out their message. Even on the
street it is hard to escape them. We eat and drink them in our
advertisements. The movies are full of them and we are full of the
movies. They are affecting our literature. I am not condemning
all this, at least yet. I am merely saying that jazz must be considered
as one of the most powerful influences on the life of this age. It
remains to say whether it is a salutary or a degrading one. That
will be easier to decide after closer examination.
What is jazz? Like most other things one gets angry about, it
has never been satisfactorily defined. I am certainly not going to be
enticed into defining it here. The best I can do is to say a little about
its more striking features. First of all, what are the origins of jazz?
Well, it must be obvious to everyone that it has a very definite con­nection
with this continent. Ragtime, for a long time a phenomenon
of the United States, was first played by jazz bands of negroid per-
[7]
sonnel. This' has prompted sentimentalists to find the orrgm of
jazz in the primeval, or perhaps just evil, depths of the African
forests. Anything which by its vulgarity and sensuality could be
proved to have a connection with the oldest continent was, of course,
le dernier eri in the twentieth century's search for the primitive
and elemental. That the negro, after a couple of centuries on Ameri­can
soil was a vastly different creature from his ancestor, was a fact
completely ignored. Constant Lambert, in an article in the
Listener, quoted Paul Morand on this point. Morand was occupied
for some time in discovering the tastes in music of various types of
African negro. He invariably found that although the natives be­came
visibly excited when they heard Stravinsky or Russian folk­songs,
which are full of the most complicated rhythmical devices)
they took no interest in recordings of jazz music, which is rhyth­mically
relatively simple. And when we remember that one of the
most important things in jazz is harmony and that Dr. von Horn­bostel,
in the whole of his researches on African music, found only
one example of harmony in our Western sense and that was in a
comic song about the local missionary, where the natives put in
chords at the end to parody the lugubrious effect of his harmonium,
any vital connection between the two becomes impossible. The film,
"Sanders of the River," with its alternating authenticity (tom-toms,
war-dance recitatives, and scenery ( and its counterfeit (half-jazz
ballads, philosophy, and Paul Robeson) is an object lesson in Eastern
and Western method.
In the very first jazz songs a predilection for "juicy" harmony
is evident. This can not at this early stage be considered, as do some
critics, as the negro composer's awareness of contemporary Euro­pean
trends. 'Indeed in many cases in their untutored way they
actually anticipated certain European developments. The early
spiritual and blues, whose rich harmonies recalled the negro's be­loved
nineteenth gospel hymns, were original creations fated to make
their mark on European composition. Brahms, of all people, was
fascinated by this music and to Debussy and Ravel its impressions
seemed fit to print. Delius, who was in his youth a planter in Florida,
never forgot the songs he heard there in the cool evenings. It was
only later when jazz became a jaded commercial product that Tin
Pan Alley began to go to Paris for a post-graduate course. Now there
is not a recondite effect known to Delius or Debussy that is not
the common property of cultivated jazz composers. Thus, this sign
of the waning star of jazz music concealed itself for a while in a
method that resembled it in purely sensuous appeal and is being
[8]
readily adaptable to a sentimental treatment. But music cannot live
on isolated harmonic effects. And it was further proved that the
way European music was going any continued help from this source
was impossible. Except perversely one can hardly be a sentimental
atonalist. More important, no doubt, the buying public would never
understand it.
The first use of the word ragtime appears to be in reference to
a piece by Bert Williams, dated 1896, "Oh, I Don't Know, You're Not
So Warm." It was distinguished by a constant and obvious use of
one of the oldest things in music, syncopation. However, being con­stant
and obvious, it attracted the attention of the public who
tempted it into the ballroom. It was an ideal accompaniment for
simple dancing. Dr. Goldbery, the American authority, has said:
"A silent accent is the strongest of all accents. It forces the body to
replace it with a motion." On many people "syncopation" had a
drug-like effect and it soon gained such enormous prestige that the
post-war years were intoxicated, literally jazz-mad, until "sweet
music" and the quieter, more suave accents of "swing" (1936)
brought once again a measure of stability and mediocrity.
In its exciting first period, jazz ignored the musical resources of
the past, demanded and got its own orchestra. Earnest Newman,
in a visit to New York in 1925, reviewed the origin of the jazz band.
"A blind black musician-one's thoughts run back to Homer-in
New Orleans, a newsboy who rejoiced in the name of Stale Bread,
gathered about him five good men and true after his own heart, and
the holy association was known locally as Stale Bread's Spasm
Band." Discoveries in the field of instrumentation, which included
both new ways to play instruments and new ways to put them to­gether,
have been perhaps the most outstanding contributions of
jazz to general musical development. A grotesque treatment of
the portamento, especially in wind instruments, the use of bell­mutes
for wind, and the trombone glissando are just some of the
favorite devices in a jazz orchestra. And then, when the fresh in­spiration
and improvisatory spontaneity of the early jazz was no
longer possible. it became necessary to be clever. Method increased
in inverse proportion to matter until now the tradition is mechanic­ally
preserved by starting off with the music of louts, dressing it up
with spicy effects, and serving it in an almost symphonic orchestra,
magnificient in skill and intelligent far beyond their heart-breaking
task. Only then did it come to be taken seriously by the highbrows
and to take itself seriously, to the ruin of its integrity. In "Alice in
the Delighted States" Errato declares: "Oh Jazzbo, the things about
[9 ]
him is that he isn't a Muse at all, and so he has no responsibilities.
He doesn't have tobe lofty and artistic and significant." To this de­lightful
simplicity succeeded a top-hat and spats stage, gloomily
grinding out insincere gloom as if its very life depended on it, which
of course in a sense it did.
Jazz of all periods is notable for an almost juvenile simplicity
of form and texture. With or without pretensions to intellectuality
it has been able to achieve nothing more complex than the old
Elizabethan variations on a. ground. One reason for this is the large
place improvisation takes in the process. It must be quite obvious
that when whole parts of the music are not written down, the result
will be bedlam unless the players have clearly defined limits asto
what form the arabesque can take. This takes its toll both on, the
formal and material aspects of structure.
The close association of word-writer and song-writer in the game
can be cited as another reason for formal deficiency. By their very
nature, by their simplicity of thought and philosophy, emphasized by
an extreme brevity, so to speak, of inspiration, jazz lyrics must be
simple in form; and the music follows suit. Finally, music for
America's dancing cannot be Russian ballet and get away with it.
A fellow must be able to hear the tune, not once but many times,
enunciated with increasing pep and vigor. Anything so misleading
as a musicianly development is therefore strictly taboo.
Ja.zz music fitted in excellently with the shadows and velvet of
post-war decadence, with the "Waste Land" and Baudelairism. How
apt it really can be makes "Twentieth Century Blues," at the end
of "Cavalcade" one of the most moving things in modern drama.
Some years ago Hitler voiced his opinion that jazz was "an expres­sion
of neurasthenia, debilitating to youth exposed freely to its
down-grade influence." Certainly it would not survive, or if you
like has not survived, the advent of an optimist philosophy, or even
a relative rebirth of sanity. Surely the most attractive jazz tunes
are the most heart-weary, world-worn, time has ever known. The
trouble as I see it lies in the question of sincerity. With the appalling
popularity of music, the tyranny of the radio, quick communica­tion,
and advertising, it has become quite possible for people tGJ be
driven in a direction that their lives do not justify. Jazz is now a
commercial product, fed by its Jewish tune-merchants who are turn­ing
their trait of bloodless melancholy to good account. They have
taken over the blues from the Negro and jazz has now become the
conservative element, not a little flat and mechanical. Because it is
now the tyrant and not the reflection of thought, it is actually inhib-
[10]
iting the birth of a contemporary philosophy. To this extent Hitler's
statement is correct. In a word, if no one tells those bored skulls
wearily fulfilling the ballroom rites that they are just a little passe
and not the least amusing, they are in grave danger of becoming
permanent ghosts, from which no poetry could suck the pity.
SONNET lV\\IND travels much on wand'ring wings of thought,
yet word to mind comes not like sigh to heave;
Full oft doth flick'ring candle burn to nought,
Ere heart on parchment doth true feelings weave.
No Milton dwells in each lone mortal's soul;
No Byron haunts 'each poet with his pen;
No Wordsworth fills each man with Nature's whole;
Save through his works which thrilled, do thrill again.
Yet voice which came to him is meant for me,
And song which rings for Hector rings for Troy,
'Tis but he doth express as he doth see,
Whilst I inhabit just the inward joy.
He gives a sense to those who cannot feel,
And from rare nature doth her secret steal.
-MORTON PARKER, '40.
CLHEY built a tower, those proud, those clever men,;
High, with a massive plinth, and then
Along its length carved symbols of the dead,
"For play of light," they said.
And round the crest as finish for the same
O'erlappings, juttings, called by some learned name.
With lines like these, they thought, with art so fair,
Nature could never in the least compare.
But they forgot-that growing quite close by
A little poplar tree stood up against the sky.
[11]
A STEP TOWARDS CANADIAN NATIONALISM
By W. A. McKAY IT IS difficult to convince old ladies that strikes among working
men, being, as they say, detrimental to the welfare of the country
as a whole, by which, of course, they mean their own pocketbooks,
are not, in themselves, essentially of an evil nature. Inherited from
a pioneering past are concepts that die hard. They were hard come
by, and they are doubly hard to remove. Chief among them is the
idea that every problem that concerns them must be approached
from but one angle, the economic. Everything, from international
affairs to ladies' aid politics, not excluding trades unionism, is looked
at through the plugged nickle. Anything like a casual survey of
the situation seems to be a practical impossibility, but must be
attempted before any clear conception can be gained.
In the past Canadian trades unions have led a singularly pre­carious
existence; like our cultural and governmental institutions,
they have vacillated between Great Britain and the United States.
Before the fifteenth of May, 1937, a step is to be taken which will
fix, for the time being at least, the new policy of the Canadian Con­gress
of Labor. Last year, at the September meeting, accusations of
selling out to the American "coffin clubs" flew about the floor of
the annual meeting until at last the law was called in to settle a
disgraceful squabble among the officers. It would appear that the
quarrel did not arise solely out of the economic aspects of the
question, but that whether they knew it or not, the executive was
torn between an adherence to the British and an adherence to the
American policy.
The policy of the United States unions was largely founded
upon the principles of the American Constitution itself. The cardinal
rules were to be found in the division of crafts. Although this policy
might have been effective in the United States, it had a larger num­ber
of industrial workers than our Dominion could boast. Indus­trially
Canada is far behind the United States both in the number
of different industries and in the number of men engaged in each.
The result of the affiliation of the small Canadian unions with their
larger American counterparts has been to make the Canadian unions
the subsidiaries of the large American federations. In a good many
cases the policy of the Canadian union man has been dictated from
a head office in a large American centre.
The danger as seen by Labor Review is, that the Canadian work­(
Continued on page 14)
[12]
HAS LABOR A NATIONAL BOUNDARY?
By IAN D. SINCLAIR
(EDITOR'S 1IfOTE: The two articles here printed should be
of interest in the light of the current labor situation not only
in the United States of America, but also in Canada. In effect
the two are complementary. The first, contributed by Mr.
Mackay for publication in an earlier issue of "Vox," was held
over due to lack of space and, in the interval, Mr. Sinclair
volunteered to reply to Mr. Mackay's challenge to the Cana­dian
unions.)
MR. McKAY does not want labor to look at its problems, to look
for its strength and its development through the economic
aspects alone, but rather he desires that Labor would become en­lightened
and, like the Canadian Club, keep in constant view "the
Flag." It would seem that the view put forward is that labor should
put on smoked glasses, should see life through the narrow vision of
nationalism, and from the subdued red that springs from the Cana­dian
flag be so overwhelmed as to cut off its strength economically
and numerically.
It is apparent that Mr. McKay looks upon labor organization
as necessary. Necessary for a fuller development of the community,
necessary to bring about the manifold benefits to the large section of
the community whose interests are protected by organization. It is
agreed, I hope, that the State is not an end in itself, but exists solely
as a means to the greater development of the people who make up
the State. That is to say, the word connected with State is to be
"welfare," not "power."
Canada has not to the same extent as the United States been
so adverse to State interference in the economic life of the country.
However, we have demonstrated that we have neither the consti­tutional
power nor requisite courage to enact legislation which
would guarantee the Canadian workingman a fair wage and a fair
standard of living. We have been unable to institute universal
minimum wage laws and universal pension schemes. Therefore,
the State having failed to fulfil its function as a welfare agency,
the Union has found it necessary to protect employees from un­scrupulous
employers and to present the case of labor with strength,
reason and discrimination.
I would remind Mr. McKay that the presentation of a case
(Continued on page 15)
[13]
A STEP TOWARDS CANADIAN NATIONALISM
(Continued from page 12)
man, when he falls on difficult days and is unable to keep up his
affiliation, is more readily expelled from the large international
union and becomes the prey of every Fascist or Communist propa­gandist.
The real danger seems to lie not in the exposure of the men
to the influence of shirt-propaganda, but in the fact that the indus­trial
workers of Canada will find themselves dictated to by- the
larger unions, and that ultimately, where the interests of the two
countries clash, the labor man might be led by his affiliation into a
line of conduct which would not be in the best interest of the Cana­dian
nation. And here appears a significant point not observed by
the founders of Canadian unionism.
The early days on the American continent brought immense
development in construction and a huge influx of skilled and un­skilled
labor; the boundary line between Canada and the United
States was indistinct; jobs were plentiful, and it was natural that
workers' unions should be founded on an international basis. Today,
while the United States is assuming a position of industrial leader­ship
in the world, Canada has retained many pioneer characteristics.
It is inevitable that the interests of the two should not remain iden­tical.
A new development in the United States unions is towards
division by industries rather than by crafts, which naturally pro­duces
larger and more unwieldy units; units, too, which find it
easier to dictate to their Canadian brethren who have followed in
large measure the hit-and-miss principles of British trades unionism.
In the near future a decision must be made which will shape
the whole policy of Canadian unionism. While in some cases it may
mean a loss of members in favor of communist and fascist groups,
the body of workmen who base their interests on democratic prin­ciples
must choose whether they will accept the American or the
British system as their guide. On the other hand, there is no reason
why they should not found a peculiarly Canadian system from the
resolution cif forces of the other two. Geographically, economically,
and politically, Canada's position is unique. Could the labor policy
of her workmen, dependent as it is upon these three factors, not
assume a form different from those of the two countries in which
their former interests lay? While it is admitted that Canada has
not passed far beyond the pioneer stage, nascent Canadian national­ism
might well be incubated by the real builders of Canada-a-the
Canadian labor men.
[14]
HAS LABOR A NATIONAL BOUNDARY?
(Continued from page 13)
before an arbitration board requires money,-money in a sufficient
degree to enable the representatives of labor to employ the best
legal advice, to employ experienced men competent to make statis­tical
surveys. Labor requires men in its movement who have an
international experience with the problems of labor, men who can
see labor differences beyond" the narrow range of nationalism which
had brought discredit and dissolution to the forces of labor.
May I also remind Mr. McKay that employer organizations are
international in scope. The A. R. A. (American Railroad Associa­tion)
is an international association. Furthermore, the facilities of
the Pinkerton Detective Agency are open to Canadian as well as
American employers. The conversant reader knows that the Pinker­ton
force was used in attempting to break a labor deadlock in the
City of Winnipeg. Therefore, it seems only reasonable to suggest
that international industrial organization must be met with interna­tional
labor organization. If such is not to be the case, then from
where is labor's strength to come? Numerical strength in the labor
movement means financial strength; and financial strength means
human welfare. The highest degree of human welfare attainable
can be brought about only through the co-ordinate action of all
labor. Labor organization in Canada must continue to lead a pre­carious
existence if it is not to co-ordinate its limited strength and
resources with the labor movement of other countries.
Mr. Hitler early in his career, I believe, took the stand that
the form of labor organization was of no consequence, it was the
spirit that mattered. Therefore, to his mind, it followed that such
laudable spirit, such co-ordinate strength and action as existed in
the labor movement would be of untold advantage in the aggrandise­ment
of national sentiment. Now, Mr. Hitler was successful in con­vin.
cing German labor that nationalism would add strength to the
labor movement. However, in the light of subsequent action in the
German labor field, it would appear that Mr. McKay would have
great difficulty in convincing even a small segment of the friends
of labor to the belief that nationalism would be advantageous to
Canadian labor.
Monopoly and nationalism are the two greatest obstacles in
the working of present-day Capitalism. The growth of nationalism
brings as its counterpart a hindrance to the exchange of commodities
upon the world market. The successful operation of Capitalism re­quires
an extensiverW6>rld' market both in commodities and credit.
[15]
Mr. McKay wants labor to add its strength to the forces of national­ism
in our State. It appears only reasonable to suggest that the
continued growth of nationalism and the successful operation of
Capitalism as a system cannot exist side by side. Surely Mr. McKay
is not subtly advocating a changed order?
Labor organization can be either vertical or horizontal; both
divisions have had considerable success. Space does not allow a
consideration of the C. I. o. and A. F. of L. beyond the fact that this
in general may be said. All labor has a common aim: co-operation
between employer and employee, the prevention of exploitation,
the raising of the labor standard of living, and better working con­ditions
for laboring classes. Any movement which introduces dis­sension
and division to labor organization merely hinders the ac­complishment
of labor's common aim.
Labor in Canada and in other countries has fundamentally the
same aim, the same purpose, and the same problems. Therefore,
why introduce in Canada a movement which will mean division?
Why, on account of a few minor differences, undermine that unity
in which there lies strength? Labor must transcend local differences
and national boundaries and co-ordinate all its facilities. The spirit
of labor must take a higher ground than the sentiment of nationalism.
In his last paragraph Mr. McKay asks if Canadian labor, in
view of Canada's "unique position" cannot assume a form different
from the old horizontal and vertical organization. No doubt, Cana­dian
labor could assume some different form. It could, for instance,
mould its organization along the lines of a circle and proceed to go
round and round hatching pert phraseology; such as, the "incubators
of Canadian nationalism." No doubt, if Canadian labor assumed a
new form it would draw to its support idealistic sentimentalists
such as Mr. McKay, but in so doing would labor benefit? Would
its strength be enhanced? Would its aim be closer to fulfilment? It
would seem that Canada's "unique position" must make Canadian
labor affiliate or perish as a force of strength and action.
[16]
NONSENSE IN ENGLISH VERSE
THE Englishman has always had a leaning towards the dignified.
Influenced perhaps by the fact that the ancestors of at least
ninety percent of the population of the islands came over with the
conqueror, English authors and poets have always been rather chary
about poking fun at anyone or anything. As someone has stated,
"C'est Ie ridicule qui tue." A secondary reason, perhaps, would lie
in the patronage system by which English genius was subsidized.
until the nineteenth century, for the British aristocracy, God bless
'em, have always come closer to the types immortalized by Pelham
Grenville Wodehouse than even he would care to admit. However.
with the liberation of the arts from their previous subservience to
the rural squire or the great city family, there gradually developed
a spirit of nonsense, which has since become so prominent in prose,
at least, that it would be difficult to read through ten pages of Han­sard's
Parliamentary Debates for the current (or any) session,
through any popular sermon by a celebrated bishop, indeed any lec­ture
by a celebrated professor, without finding extracts so rich, so
fantastic, that the more modest verse productions of Lear and Car­roll
would pale in comparison with the wads of Representative
Thought.
In verse the matter is more complicated. It will be found, by.
the intelligent enquirer, that the best nonsense in verse-that is,
the most hilarious-will be found on examination to mean some­thing.
It is generally difficult to convince the average Englishman
that nonsense can mean something, for the simple paradoxical rea­son
that almost every kind of grim reality seems to him strange
and comic. A cursory examination of the headlines on such papers
as the Daily Express, the Mirror, and so on, will amply justify this
claim. By exploiting this national state of mind, startling and de­lighting
his little readers with mental acrobatics which are a plati­tude
to more sophisticated peoples, Mr. Shaw has amassed a fortune.
On the continent they raise their eyebrows at the Shavian naivete.
Consequently it is observed that England is one of those few and far
between places where nonsense, intelligent nonsense, is to be found
in profusion.
Finally, nonsense, as a technical term, is not to be confused
with the humor resulting from ignorance or stupidity, in which
English verse, and particularly that of Wordsworth, abounds. Non­sense,
with the exception of a few ancient examples, is the-product
of a modern age. But this does not imply that it is confined to the
[17]
comparative nonentities who abound in the field of modern poetry.
Besides Lear, Calverley, Graham, Bentley, there are choice extracts
to be obtained from Milton, Hood, Wordsworth, Tennyson, Belloc,
Chesterton, Swinburne, Stephens. Among this latter group one finds
literary curiosities concealed from the eyes of freshmen such as
Swinburne's deliberate dancing on his head in the nonsense parodies
of his own work which are worth as much as his collected poetry.
Another case in point is Tennyson. Few would care to connect Vic­toria's
Laureate with undignified behavior, but if his Minnie and
Winnie really is meant to be nonsense-I think the academies are
divided on the matter-it deserves a little niche in any pagoda of the
grotesque simply for its social and historical value.
The classic examples of nonsense may be represented briefly by
Milton's "On the Oxford Carrier," too long to quote, which begins:
"Here lieth one, who did most truly prove
That he could never die while he could move;
So hung his destiny never to rot
While he might still jog on and keep his trot ... "
Goldsmith's Elegy on Madam Blaize is on the border line-s-the
first and last verses here quoted indicate the nonsense, however:
"Good people all, with one accord,
Lament for Madam Blaize,
Who never wanted a good word­From
those who spoke her praise.
Let us lament, in sorrow sore
For Kent Street well may say
That had she lived a twelvemonth more­She
had not died today."
And Samuel Johnson contributed four lines:
"If the man who turnips cries
Cry not when his father dies,
'Tis a proof that he had rather
Have a turnip than his father-"
This from the dean of English Letters. Comparable is Thomas Hood's
Faithless Nellie Gray, which every High School student knows by
heart.
Tennyson's Minnie and Winnie has already been mentioned,
and is here quoted in full:
[18]
5. Started a green linnet
Out of the croft;
Wake little ladies,
The sun is aloft!"
"1. Minnie and Winnie
Slept in a shell.
Sleep, little ladies!
And they slept well.
2. Pink was the shell within,
Silver without;
Sounds of the great sea
Wandered about.
3. Sleep, little ladies!
Wake not soon!
Echo on echo
Dies to the moon.
4. Two bright stars
Peep'd into the shell,
What are they dreaming of?
Who can tell?
From Swinburne there are two choice examples, the first of the
parody type, the second of the higher lunacy to which he was upon
occasion the victim.
(a) from Nephelidia-
"From the depth of the dreamy decline of the dawn through
a notable nimbus of nebulous noonshine,
Pallid and pink as the palm of the flag-flower that flickers
with fear of the flies as they float,
Are they looks of our lovers that lustrously lean from a
marvel of mystic miraculous moonshine,
These that we feel in the blood of our blushes that thicken
and threaten with sobs from the throat?" (and so on).
(b) from The Higher Pantheism in a Nutshell-
"One, who is not, we see; but one, whom we see not, is;
Surely, this is not that; but that is assuredly this.
What, and wherefore, and whence: for under is over and
under;
If thunder could be without lightning, lightning could be
without thunder." (and so on).
This is comparable only to a modern critic's comment on Ten­nyson's
philosophy:
"When pondering much on how or why,
Or lost in philosophic lore;
The thought that two and two makes four
Consoles me in my agony.
[19]
The sun sinks ever in the west
And rises ever in the east;
I know that this is sure, at least,
And cannot doubt that it is best."
but this is rather cruel satire than pure nonsense.
To conclude the classical authors one can quote Walter de la Mare Mare. Here is The Bards, with original notes:
"My aged friend, Miss Wilkinson,
Whose mother was a Lambe,
Saw Wordsworth once, and Coleridge too,
One morning in her pram*.
Bird-like the bards stooped over her­Like
fledgling in a nest;
And Wordsworth said, 'Thou harmless babe!'
And Coleridge was impressed.
The pretty thing gazed up and smiled,
And softly murmered, 'Coo!'
William was then aged sixty-four
And Samuel sixty-two.
*This was a three-wheeled vehicle
Of Iron and of wood;
It had a leather apron,
But it hadn't any hood."
But the best nonsense is the work of the moderns, the product
of an age of disillusion and dispair, although the humor of Carroll
chimes in perfectly with the spirit of his times. Alice is the perfect
child of the Victorian age, the invention of a kind-hearted, cool­blooded,
rather priggish mathematical don, born into an England
where people of the nicer kind lived charming lives on smooth, sun­shiny
lawns, sedulously unaware for the most part of the horrors at
their gates, the sweat-shops, the enslaved children, the terrible
Victorian charity. Today we see just a little more clearly, as extracts
heregiven will show.
Let us commence with a verse of Carroll's Jabberwocky, the
most priceless bit of burbling in existence, and compare it with
a Latin translation by Vansittart:
" 'Twas brillig, and the slithy toves
Did gyre and gimble in the wabe,
All mimsy were the borogoves,
And the mome raths outgrabe.
[20]
2. Then laugh, ha, ha, ha,
And ring, ting, ling, ling,
And sing, fal, la, la,
La, la, le." (Repeat.)
Coesper'erat: tunc lubriciles' ultravia circum
Urgebant gyros gembiculosque tophi;
Moestenui visae borogovides ire meatu;
Et profugi ge.mitus exgrabuere rathae.
Notes:
'Coesper, from Coena and Vesper.
"Iubrtciles, from lubricus and graciles."
And follow it by a miscellany:
(a) from Gelett Burgess-
"1 never saw a purple cow,
1 never hope to see one;
But 1 can tell you, anyhow,
I'd rather see than be one."
(b) from E. C. Bentley's astringent Ballade-
"The croakers say that Mr. Justice Peck
Was briefless both as Junior and K.C.;
That nasty business of the altered cheque
Was never quite hushed up, unhappily ..."
(c) from Harry Graham's Two Little Sporting Lyrics­"
1. The Englishman's Home
1 was playing golf the day
That the Germans landed;
All our troops had run away,
All our ships were stranded;
And the thought of England's shame
Altogether spoiled my game."
(d) from Bret Harte-
"Swiss Air
1. I'm a gay tra, la, la,
With my fal, lal, la, la,
And my bright-
And my light-
Tra, la, le (Repeat.)
(e) from D. B. Wyndham Lewis-
"Lines to a Lady of Quality with the Gift of a Jaguar
All teeth and claws, behold this little Jaguar!
A fit companion for the kind of Haguar."
[21]
(f) from Ogden Nash-
"Platitudinous Reflections
Probably a great deal of superciliousness
Is based on biliousness;
Somehow people seem to be as proud as peacocks
Of any infirmity, be it hives or dementia praecox."
(g) from J. B. Morton-
"Now We Are Sick
Hush, hush,
Nobody cares!
Christopher Robin
Has
Fallen
Down­Stairs."
(h) from Ralph Wotherspoon-
"Walt Wimbush was a warrior,
Yet sorrowful and sad.
He'd functioned in the Korea­At
least he said he had.
But when a gay young Torea-dor,
keen to be admired,
Ran through the sorry warrior
The sorry one looked sorrier
And with non omnis morior,
Reluctantly expired."
But this is quite enough. It is hoped that as many degrees and
phases of English verse nonsense (a word that keeps recurring) are
represented here as possible. There will probably be differences of
opinion as to whether this or that particular piece comes within the
strict rubric. To complaints arising thus one can be deathly indiffer­ent.
There is borderline, a very misty and elusive one, between the
last shimmering nuance of nonsense proper and a certain kind of
humor which it is not always easy to perceive, much less to fix.
Perhaps the reasonable working test in a difficulty, as already
hinted, is to ask oneself: Does it mean anything? If it does, it is
probably nonsense. If it doesn't, it is probably not. It is regrettable
that the majority of English poems comes within the latter category.
but given an appreciation of this criterion, one can have a great deal
of innocent fun from the minority. Try it some time.
[22]
SIR JAMES MATTHEW BARRIE, O.M. SIR JAMES The time- has come, the walrus said,
To talk of many things,
Of ships and shoes and sealing wax,
And cabbages and kings,
And why the sea is boiling hot,
And if Sir James talks silly rot.
(-BORROWED) •
IN FAR away Samoa, in 1892, Robert Louis Stevenson wrote to
Henry James: "But Barrie is a beauty. The Little Minister and The
Window in Thrums, eh? Stuff in that young man; but he must see
and not be too funny. Genius in him, but there's a journalist at his
elbow-there's the risk." There's a journalist at his elbow ... (and
he might well have added an elf and clown as well!) Thirty-two
years later, when the great of his little island came to do him honor
at a feast of wit and other delicacies, Sir James retaliated at the
defenceless R. L. S., now asleep these many years on his romantic
island. With one of his precious sallies, he dived into his precious
and amazing reminiscences-precious because they were so Bar­riesque;
delightful because they were so untrue! "I remember when
I first met Robert Louis. I had come up to Edinburgh, and walking
down the high street I beheld this strange looking creature R.L.S.
We passed, I stared at him, and continued doing so, stopped in my
tracks. Mr. Stevenson returned to me and said: 'Well, God made
me.' I surveyed him, frankly stunned, and retorted: 'God's getting
careless.' ... Our friendship fast ripened from that day." It was
during this whimsey that Barrie denied that he was an "Octoger­anium,"
although he was able to recall quite vividly, he insisted,
Napoleon, Wellington and many other persons of fame, buried these
hundred years.
In his golden little address Courage, so eloquent with the stuff
of life, the stuff which makes us men, delivered as rector of his own
beloved St. Andrews in 1922, he told us of the existence of "M'Con­nachie,"
the unholy half of himself; the writing half-the fanciful
half, as if we didn't know M'Connachie!-while he, himself, said
Barrie, is the half that is dour and practical and canny. Now it dis­tresses
Sir James to have M'Connachie interfering with his serious
moods and solemn moments-but we, who love the creator of Peter
Pan and Wendy and all-praise the gods for M'Connachie's suprem­acy
and sovereignty!
Whence came this dear, loveable complex? This genius, who
[23]
opens the innermost door of our hearts and like some wizard musi­cian
draws' his bow across the fibres of our heart and sets us, singing?
Who is this man who refuses to grow up and who bafflesthe grey,
oncoming years? Dull, prosaic "Who's Who" tells us that James
Matthew was born in Kirriemuir in 1860, and, very fittingly, in the
May time of that year, when fairies and elves, daisies and nest­birds
and waking blossoms hold open court. Then we remember-­Kirriemuir-
i-Scotland. Oh yes, now we remember-s-Presbyterian­ism
and philosophy, oatmeal or peasemeal behind the door-i-Oueen
Mary~The Master of Ballantrae-Treasure lsuuui-s-The Westmins­ter
Conjession-c-and greatest of all Bobbie Burns-i-these all either
lived or were wise enough to leave Scotland. "Thrifty souls," Kip­ling
called them-e-who "must have been an anfractuous breed to
handle; but, by their God, in whose word they walked, they owned
themselves." But to return to the bothersome facts: Dumfries
Academy Barrie next visited, strangely enough, as a scholar; visited
not a few honors, amid scenes and long enough to capture all hearts
and with comrades he has since immortalized. Here it was-c-as he
himself finally confessed when the freedom of Dumfries and no end
of other honors were conferred upon him-s-that Peter Pan came to
be. "All unconscious was our old schoolmaster, that when the
shadows of night began to fall, certain young mathematicians
changed their skin, crept up walls and down trees, and became
pirates in a sort of Odyssey that was long afterwards to become the
play of Peter Pan, for our escapades in a certain Dumfries garden,
which is enchanted land to me, was certainly the genesis of that
nefarious work."
From Dumfries, and all too short-lived pirate days, he went up
to Edinburgh University and captured a Master's Degree in Arts,
thus confounding and confusing his professors as well as astounding
himself. Turning on graduation to journalism, he pursued his work
first at Nottingham and later in London. This is what your woefully
brief and bare biographies tell-s-but to us of the old guard-s-who
tumble over each other to seize and devour the latest message from
Barrie-land-how much more it is than that. He hasn't come to
this twisted world of ours in the ordinary way, much less been lent
to us for a little that we might laugh and cry together over bygones
and about-to-be's-i-in a treasure house of heirlooms, a store of laven­dered
delights-s-where life flows between the frail walls almost
furiously. A very solemn critic who must be very wise, says that
James is a born novelist, and a born dramatist, rarest of combina­tions,
that he is the greatest of his day-s-tush! what's all that? James
[24]
Matthew is the king of the Never-never land; children the world
over have seen to that-(children, some with greying hair and bend­ing
figures). Even ih, his serious novels (what a blunder to say
serious) in the Admirable Crichton (possibly his masterpiece) the
very plot is frankly preposterous; desert island and butler king,
and all. The play is too fantastic for "earlism," too humorous for
"romance," too serious for "farce." It could never possibly have
happened, and yet it is all true. The figures that move are no pup­pets;
the people of the pages live. He wasn't always swayed by
M'Connachie. Back there in the early days of Auld Licht Idylls you
see him sober and showing with a dogged Dutch fidelity the dour
reality of Scotia. He would bring out the slowness of those weavers
and their ludicrous love-making; he would paint the "dull, vacant
faces" of the Tammas Haggarts and Pete Lunas pitilessly. But as he
worked, there came a change. Tammas began to grow eldritch,
Pete became a quaint gnome. Gnarled idiocyncrasies sprouted, the
stolid features swelled and shrank. Thrums grew into a goblin mar­ket.
The fashionable thing to say about him now is that he has never
"grown-up." But he has grown, bless you, grown incessantly; but
instead of growing up he has grown down! And there is a touch
of tragedy in the situation; genius is a cruel gift. To dwindle when
you wanted to tower up. He might feel the pain of it all, just as he
might have experienced it in 1913when he had to face the chilly wet
winds of a bitter London day and the more biting publicity of
curious citizens to bend his knee to a grateful monarch who wished
to do him honor. He drove reluctantly to Buckingham, and when
they opened his cab-door, they found him huddled in a far corner,
terrified beyond measure because he was about to be created a
baronet. In Margaret Ogilvy he told us how he and his mother bor­rowed
the Arabian Nights from the Thrums village library, "but
on discovering they were nights instead of knights, for which he had
paid, we sent that volume packing." And now he was a knight him­self.
Poor James. And if that wasn't unreasonable enough, they
made him come back a year or two later and accept an Order of
Merit, and Barrie puzzled over that for many a long day.
Well, we could have elaborated on our hero's thirty-six or so
dramas and novels, but what folly it would have been since you
may all know them better, though you cannot love them more, than
we. But, and this should compensate for all that has gone before,
we have made a great discovery; a very new one and only this
morning in the dust-filled archives of a library. Barrie's first work has
never been published, and indeed, is generally unknown, but we
[25]
have brought for you the most pungent sentence: "Charles Pea­body's
mother died before he was born, and ever since his father
has been delicate."
Surely he is a genius, by his own definition-for surely he
"knows best how to crack walnuts." And how generously he has
given of his store, walnuts whose taste is everlastingly sweet to the
tongue. Well, Barrie himself would say that this little appraisal of
him has been almost dull enough to be academic-but, you see, no
Scot, or son of a Scot dares wax sentimental over any love of his
heart-you see, we fear sentiment; and flee it because we love the
seductive thing too well. We've wanted to be excessive in our praise
of M'Connachie-in the excessive way Barries makes his Grizel
rock her arms ecstatically and cry out constantly: "Oh, you sweet."
But we haven't dared. But you know now, don't you?
And just before we leave him, let Sir James himself giveus his
precious word-a sermon and yet a poem, as every noble sermon
should be:
"Do not stand aloof, despising, disbelieving, but come in and
help-insist upon coming in and helping. After all, we have shown
a good deal of courage; and your part is to add a greater courage to
it. There are glorious years ahead of you if you choose to make
them glorious. God's in His Heavens still. So forward, brave hearts.
To what adventure I cannot tell, but I know that God is watching to
see whether you are adventurous... In bidding you good-bye, my
last words must be of the lovely virtue. Courage, my children, and
'greet the unseen with a cheer.' 'Fight on, my men,' said Sir Andrew
Barton. Fight on ... till the whistle blows."
[26] 12ti/
Ir··..····...··..·····~~~~;;·~~·~~~~:···~~·~~·:·~;~; ..··..···...··...···11
~ ••••••••••••••••••• CONTRIBUTORS, 1936-1937 •••••••••••••••••I ••••••II••••••••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • II•• i ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••;
The Editorial Board of Vox wishes to thank all those
who have assisted in the production of the magazine during
the past year, and particularly the following, who have con­,
tributed articles:
A. MURRAY SMITH-"The Passing of the University," January
issue.
BRADFORD HENDERsoN-"Lawrence of Arabia," January issue.
RODERICK O. HUNTER-"The Senior Stick's Page," January
issue.
HAROLD B. STRINGER-"On Being Asked to Contribute to
Vox," January issue.
EARLE J. BEATTIE-"PaSS the Buck," January issue.
REG. W. BUNDy-"COmes the Revolution," November issue;
"Music," January issue.
DEAN A. D. LONGMAN-"Alumni Alumnaeque," all issues.
PROF. A. R. CRAGG-"The College of Today in the World of
Tomorrow," March issue.
NEIL A. DEwAR-"Ars Quixotica," March issue.
M. D. GILCHRIST-POem "To A Poet," March issue.
W. A. McKAy-Poem "As Loved Our Fathers," March issue;
Book Review, "Ignatius Loyola," March issue; "A Step
Towards Canadian Nationalism," June issue.
IAN D. SINCLAIR-"Valedictory" June issuer. "Has Labor a
National Boundary," June issue.
CHESTER DUNcAN-"Jazz," June issue.
CLARENCE H. JOHNsoN-"And So He Entered Law," June
issue.
ELSIE COUSEN:-"Face Reading in the Library," June issue.
LESLIE E. THOMPSON.
REX GROSE.
GWEN HENDERSON.
R. J. LEIGHTON.
[27]
CONFERRING OF DEGREES IN THEOLOGY
AT THE beginning of its work Wes­ley
College made provision for
the teaching of Theology. Neither the
Act of 1877 nor that of 1886 gave to
the College a duly organized faculty
in this area.
The power to great degrees in the
Province of Manitoba was vested in
the University under its Act of In­corporation.
When that act was
amended in 1880 it was specified that
"with the sanction of the governing
bodies of the denomination to which
it (an affiliated college) belongs (it
shall) have the power of forming a
separate faculty in Theology for the
examination for and the granting of
the degrees of Bachelor of Divinity
and Doctor of Divinity." A person
receiving either of these degrees was
given the rights and privileges of a
graduate of the University. However,
should the candidate for the degree
of Bachelor not be a University
graduate, the University reserves the
right to examine in Greek, Latin and
Mathematics.
Such was the legal position in re­spect
to these degrees. During the
following years Wesley College did
not have need to confer degrees and
the power lay dormant. There was,
however, in 1894, a student approach­ing
the completion of the required
course and provision for the grant­ing
of degrees became necessary.
The General Conference of the Meth­odist
Church gave the sanction neces­sary
to the setting up of a faculty in
Theology in accordance with the pro­vincial
act noted above.
The Board of Wesley College on
January 12; 1894, authorized the es­tablishment
of such a faculty. It did
not, however, give to the faculty all
the powers which might be conferred
under the University Act of 1880,
and Professor Andrew Stewart reg­istered
his objection to the action on
the basis that under Section 33 of
the Act the Board of Wesley College
had no authority to limit the power
of the faculty to "the examination
for and granting of the degree of
Bachelor of Divinity."
On June 5, 1894, the executive
took action and established the first
faculty of Theology which, on June
20, reported to the Board that they
had in conformity with the powers
granted them conferred the Degree
of Bachelor of Divinity on Rev. N. J.
Brown, B.A.
The protest of the faculty, because
of the limitation of their powers,
brought immediate results. The
Board at the same meeting asked its
representatives on the University
Council to request such an altera­tion
in the Act as would place. the
degree conferring power in divinity
in the College and not in the faculty.
By 1902 it was felt that the mini­mum
academic requirements for a
candidate for the degree of Bachelor
of Divinity should be increased and
the University Act was changed,
making it necessary for the candi­date
to have standing in at least the
second year of the Arts course and
have studied the Greek Option. This
provision did not yet come up to the
minimum requirements in Wesley
College. As early as 1896 a student
was required to have standing in a
considerable portion of the final
years in Arts before becoming a can­didate
for Bachelor of Divinity. In
practice, however, those who receiv­ed
the Degree of Bachelor of Divin­ity
from Wesley College had first
obtained their degree in Arts at
least two years before the granting
of the B. D. degree. In 1900 the re­quirement
of two years standing
was dropped. In 1905 the standard
was raised further by stipulating
that before the degree of Bachelor
of Divinity would be granted, one
year in College must be devoted
entirely to the study of Theology,
after the degree of Bachelor of Arts
was obtained. In 1907 this require­ment
was raised to two years.
When the courses leading to the
degree of Bachelor of Divinity were
first set up in 1891-1892, a knowledge
of both the Greek and the Hebrew
languages was required as well as
the completion of the regular sub­jects
and the presentation of a thesis.
These requirements continued until
the Senate took over the administra­tion
of the courses under the Charter
graduated in Arts in 1919 or at an
of 1919. In 1920 a Special Course was
set up for those students who had
Greek nor Hebrew was compulsory
earlier date. In this course neither
and no further attendance was re­quired.
[28]
This course did not achieve the
end for which it was instituted and
in 1923 was discontinued, leaving the
regular course in operation.
There was no change in the legal
aspects of the granting of degrees
until 1919. In that year the Charter
of Wesley College was amended and
consolidated. It provided that the
power for the granting of the degrees
lay in the Board of Directors, but
that the Board "shall have power
and authority to delegate to the
Senate the granting of and to grant
degrees in Theology whether upon
examination or admission ad eundem
or honoris causa." By the Univer­sity
Act those receiving such degrees
were admitted to all the rights and
privileges of a graduate of the Uni­versity
of Manitoba.
The matters remained in this posi­tion
until the passing of the Univer­sity
Act, 1936. This Act added a
clause to the Act of incorporation of
Wesley College whereby "the said
College in its corporate name shall
have power to grant degrees, includ­ing
honorary degrees, in Theology
and Divinity." In this Act there IS
no provision for persons who re­ceive
such degrees being admitted
to the rights and privileges of gradu­ates
of the University.
The granting of the Degree of Doc­tor
of Divinity honoris causa did not
provoke the same discussion as did
the basis of the granting of the
Bachelor Degree. For five years after
the Board had the power to grant
the Degree of Doctor of Divinity they
allowed it to be dormant. It was not
until 1899 that they finally drew up
the procedure. The candidate would
be nominated by the chair or by such
committee as the Board would from
'time to time direct. The voting
would be by ballot at a regular meet­ing
of that body called .aftt=:r ~our
weeks notice. In the notice indica­tion
would be given that the granting
of Honorary Degrees would be one
of the objects of the meeting. A two­thirds
majority of the members pres­ent
would be required to grant the
degree.
The first degrees were conferred
on Professor Andrew Stewart and
Rev. L. Gaetz on June 10, 1899. '
The power to grant the degree of
Doctor of Divinity Honoris Causa
remained in the Board and was ex­ercised
directly by it until the Char­ter
of 1919 gave authority to dele­gate
that power to the Senate. This
body at its first meeting on October
16 1919, set up a committee to make
re~ommendations in respect to per­sons
on whom could be bestowed
worthily the Degree of Doctor of
Divinity. On April 13, 1920, the new
procedure under the Senate was
placed in operation and Rev. C. E.
Manning, B.A., was granted the De­gree
of Doctor of Divinity.
[29]
AND SO HE ENTERED LAW
By C. H. JOHNSON
~,"'
.AFTER five highly successful years, at last he was entering the
home stretch; there had not been a position awaiting at the end
of his Arts career,' he had learned with regret. But was not Law
awaiting him with outstretched arms? Without a doubt it was.
Admittedly brilliant-the faculty were agreed that he was; and
he himself was loath to deny it. He had majored in English and
Philosophy, honors all the way, and an occasional scholarship, too.
That his work, "The Influence of the Freudian Theory on the Erring
Maidens of Bulgaria," was the most brilliant thing of its kind, there
was none to gainsay. His years of service on the college magazine,
culminating in his editorship, must surely have brought him lasting
fame; his consummate genius in the dramatic art surely could not
have passed unheralded, and the unsurpassed accuracy of his shots
in basketball was the wonder of the team; nor did these serve to
dequantitate his vanity at all. Most certainly Law would welcome
him. Why not? Watch his smoke!
Law was a pipe. A few lectures in the morning. Boy! What a
time he would have! Of course there was this business of "articles"­something
about anoffice--better consult the registrar-maybe the
dean too-better let the old boys know he was coming.
An enthusiastic and ingratiating welcome, illuminated by stories
told in glowing terms of bright hopes for the future, and of unparal­leled
opportunities for a highly successful career bursting forth for
young lawyers was not what he received. And that there was an
acute shortage, that companies were going a-begging, that youthful
graduates of the Law school were making easy money and that they
were receiving the highest and most lucrative positions of finance
and industry, was not included in the registrar's conversation either.
It was different. Ah, yes! Quite different.
A hearty handshake, a gracious welcome, congratulations for
success in previous years and words of assurance that a large and
prosperous corporation was anxiously awaiting such a one as him to
fill a particularly lofty and significant post is not quite an exact
description of his colloquy-with the dean. Alas! No.
In such manner animated and inspirited, he sets forth blithely
and with light heart to divulge the good news to some Law firm
that he has come and that he is prepared to exchange his invalu-
[30]
able services for a consideration. Offices waving their hands with
an imminent deficiency confronting is what he had hoped, but
failed to find.
He.calls on the firm with the longest list of partners and whose
office is notably imposing as would befit his style and dignity. A
pretty blonde stenographer with ruby lips, crimson cheeks, scarlet
nails and garbed in a cerise gown, and whose smile is most charm­ing,
manner most delectable and replies most witty, was not the
one who met him in that office. Told to sit down and wait awhile,
he did,-for several hours, in fact, until admitted to the office of a
bald-headed man with a red face, which he had not got going to
Sunday school. This gentleman was reading the latest edition of
"Hush."
Most amazing of all! The ardent young student was not wel­comed
and congratulated, nor was he wined and dined; this indi­vidual
did not assure him that he was the answer to a lawyer's
prayer. A princely remuneration, a magnificient private office, and
a personal stenographer was not what this individual offered. In
fact, he told him to get out.
Why! Most incomprehensible conduct!
At his next call he did not see industrious stenographers
thumping typewriters at a furious pace, nor busy clerks scurrying
hither and thither, nor a long line of anxious clients awaiting each
his turn. No! He did not see that at all; hut he tiptoed softly out the
door hoping that he had not been spotted. What a pity to disturb
them, he thought.
A mere dozen or so additional calls, and at long last his great
opportunity comes. An offer of monthly recompense so magnificent
as to dazzle the eye and stun the mind and that one accepts with
diffidence and a full consciousness of one's own shortcomings was
not like this one. While he had trouble, it is true, in accepting this
offer, it was for quite a different reason.
And so somewhat puzzled and not a little perplexed, we leave
him, a sadder if not a wiser youth.
JI § , Open all Night
lVlOOre S-- including Sunday
[31]
Vox congratulates the winners of the following awards:
lIntnrrntty of lIanitoba AUtar~n
MAY, 1937
+
SCHOLARSHIPS
Sir James Aikins Scholarship in English
Junior Division in Arts and Science-Second Year
Douglas M. Fraser, $75.00
Isbister Scholarship, Arts and Science,
Senior Honors Division-Second Year
Margaret D. Gilchrist, $80.00
Senior Division-First Year
Irwin, Douglas D., $80.00 Johnston, Sarah I, $80.00
Lawson, R. Wm., $80.00
Junior Division, Second Year
Douglas M. Fraser, Hon. Mention
Junior Division, First Year
Cann, Nora o. .--,,- , $60.00
Harvey, Ian J. . . 60.00
Ironside, Ronaldt;._:l: 60.00
Medd, Edna -.:..,•._------- 60.00
Moyse, Robert J. $60.00
Schneider, Elisabeth 60.00
Warren, Francis G. R. 60.00
Whittaker, Donald __. 60.00
SPECIAL SCHOLARSHIPS
Scholarship of the German-Canadian League
Hannesson, Richard S. M., $25.00
B'nai B'rith Scholarship in Hebrew
Isaacovitch, Evelyn, $50.00
[32]
Wesley College Awards lIe.aley QJ:nllege FEBRUARY 26TH, 1937
MEDALS
Governor-General's Medal Gladys Elinore Pollard
Lieutenant Governor's Medal Ruston William Lawson
BURSARIES
Logie Butchart Memorial Bursaries { (1) David Henry Craven
(2) Harris Wilson
SCHOLARSHIPS
Sir John C. Eaton Scholarship Ruston William Lawson
SECOND YEAR
Jas. H. Ashdown Scholarship Douglas Markle Fraser
Hart A. Massey Scholarship Wilson Graham Milne
D. K. Elliott Scholarship : Richard Stephen M. Hanneson
FIRST YEAR
Principal J. W. Sparling Scholarship Edna Alexandra Medd
Professor Andrew Stewart Scholarship Nora Emily Elizabeth Cann
H. W. Hutchinson Scholarship Elisabeth Wiltrud Schneider
E. Loftus Scholarship F. G. Ross Warren
GRADE XII
Sir James Aikins Scholarship Muriel Gordon Fraser
R. J. Whitla Scholarship ., Adolph Edward Theman
GRADE XI
Rev. George Young Scholarship Mary Elizabeth Brown
Manitoba College Awards .tIuuitnbu QJ:SCHOLARSHIPS
FINAL YEAR
Robert Anderson Scholarship George M. Marshall, B.A.
Robert Carswell Scholarship for Hebrew John S. Scott, B.A.
Mary Perine Tait Scholarship Russell, A. Peden, B.A.
Governor-General's MedaL George M. Marshall, B.A.
SECOND YEAR
Robert Carswell Scholarship in Greek Thomas Saunders, B.A.
Nisbet Memorial Scholarship A. Murray Smith, B.A.
Ruth Russell Winchester Scholarship William A. Mackay
FmsT YEAR
John Ralph King Scholarship -----:------Thomas M. Badger, B.A.
James Watt Scholarship Robert J. Leighton
John Black Scholarship Charles R. Newcombe, B.A.
PRIZES IN ORAL ENGLISH
Nixon Prize Walter J. Spence
Book Prize ~---------------ThomasM.Badger, B.A.
G. R. Crowe Memorial Prize {ThOmas Saunders, B.A.
Rev. H. Gordon Tolton, B.A.
Robertson Morrin Essay Prize George M. Marshall, B.A.
[33]
PERMANENT EXECUTIVE, '37
H. ANDREW LAWRENCE
President
LEONORE LYTLE
Vice-President
Honorary President
O. T. ANDERSON
IAN SINCLAIR
Valedictorian
ROD.O.HUNTER
Senior Stick
NORMA LAW
Lady Stick
[34]
r··.....········..···......··...··~·~·~·~·~··;·;·~·~·········· .....··..··············"il
••• 11••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ATHLETICS •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• I ••••••••••I ••••••••••••••• Wesley College can point with pride to the remarkable achieve­ments
of its athletes during the past year. A new record in the
number of Interfaculty championships won by Wesley United in
one year and the great showing that all her teams made in compe­tition,
give Wesley a high place in the realm of sport.
The ladies of the College are to be congratulated for the won­derful
record they have hung up. Four championships in one year
are a splendid showing. The ladies' track, basketball, curling and
hockey trophies are all resting in Wesley halls as proof of the prowess
of our young ladies.
The ladies' track was a new championship for Wesley and it was
principally due to the efforts of Marcia Voorheis and Norma Verner
that the trophy rests in Miss Spink's care.
The basketball cup was retained only after a very hard series
in which the United girls had an uphill clumb in both final games,
but came out on the right end of the score before the final whistle.
With the assistance of Helen Marsh and two girls from the
last year's Matriculation hockey team were able to surprise every­one,
even themselves, and defeat the strong Arts team in a decisive
manner. Gladys Pollard, Helen Marsh, and Marguerite Ross were
the mainstay of the team.
Jean Babb, Joan Dey, Helen Marsh, and Marion Earle upheld
Wesley colors in the curling and won the trophy for the third con­secutive
year.
The men won only three Interfaculty championships: track,
senior soccer and the Porte-Markle curling trophy, but made a great
showing in rugby, hockey and basketball, in which they reached
the finals.
Even more decisively than last year did Wesley men athletes
display their strength and retain the coveted trophy. Ernie McEwen,
Max Kantovovich, Jack Barber, Harry Fainstein, and Bill Davis did
well for the red and white.
The senior soccer championship was won by our strong aggre­gation
by winning the entire schedule of three games.
The Porte-Markle curling trophy returned to Wesley halls after
a few years' absence through the efforts of Jack Barker, Tom Hen­derson,
Harold Couzens, and Bill McTavish.
[35]
"Does your Mother know you're out!"
"She will-when she looks for her Sweet Caps ..."
SWEET CAPORAL CIGARETTES
"The purest form in which tobacco can be smo!ud."-.(Jnat
Miss Bretta Powless won the United Colleges coed tennis
championship. The men's final between Bill Dyke and Lawrence
Neil will, we hope, be played off at their leisure in the near future.
Bowling was enjoyed by a large number this year and Joan Dey
and Alex. Cairns are to be congratulated on the handling of this
popular sport. Dick Mahoney, Ray Marks, Norm White, Joyce
Parker, and Josephine Miller were the winning team in the College
league.
Curling was enjoyed at Deer Lodge, under the guidance of
Marion Earle and Jack Barker, with great success. R. Homer, R.
Lynd, B. Lawson, and E. Hames won out in the College curling
championship.
Grade XII won the Cuspidor Hockey by defeating Third Year in
the final game at the Amphitheatre rink.
The Athletic banquet, held in the Junior Library in Wesley Col­lege,
was a fitting climax to a wonderful year. Nearly one hundred
athletes attended the banquet at which the trophies were presented
to the captains of the winning teams by Dean Anderson. The indi­vidual
awards and the senior and junior letters were presented by
Cleve Gerry. Prof. A. R. Cragg acted as chairman.
The year 1936-37 was very fine for Wesley College and with
your support we hope to do as well or even better in the future.
I wish to thank all the students for their support and co-opera­tion
throughout the year and to congratulate them on their achieve­ments.
CLEVE GERRY,
Physical Director.
[37]
UNITED COLLEGES DRAMATIC EXECUTIVE
Back Row-Morton Parker, Margaret Riddell, Andrew Eustace, Jim Humphries, Peggy
Young, Eddy Parker.
Front Row-Margaret McCulloch, Jack Barker, Molly Rogers, Prof. A. L. Phelps, Lilia
Petursson. .
Missing-Reginald Bundy, W. D'Arcy Dolan, Charles Mackenzie.
UNITED COLLEGES ATHLETIC COUNCIL
Back Row-Alex. Cairns, Jack Barker, Avard Fryer, Bill Dyke, Stewart Noble, Jim Stewart Mitchell, Ken McKenzie, Gordon Thomas, Lawrence Neil, Harry Fainstein.
Middle Row-Ted Sangster, Norma Verner, Helen Marsh, Leonore L. Lytle, Donna King,
Joan Dey, Bob Moyse.
Front Row-Marion Earle, Gladys Pollard, Cleve Gerry, John McWilliams (President),
Marguerite Ross, Kay Garland.
Ir'-~'~'~~'~';'~~"'~'~'~'~"";"~'"'~;'~';';:'''''''·· ···..11
~ •••••••••••••••••••••••••I •• DEBATING YEAR IN REVIEW ••••••••••••••••••••••••• • 11 11•••••••••••••••••••••••••UNITED COLLEGES DEBATING EXECUTIVE
Back Row-George Marshall, Bill Lawson, Bill Davis, Fraser Kiersted, Alex. McDiarmid.
Middle Row-Grant Smith, Frances Grant, Evelyn Isaacovitch, Bill Paterson, J. Ferguson.
Front Row-Marie Graves, Janet Storey, Dr. C. W. Kierstead (Honorary President),
A. Murray Smith (President), Margaret McCulloch, Kay MacKay.
The United Colleges Debating Society has in the past year com­pleted
a satisfactory term of activity. From the opening student­faculty
debate until the' awarding of the inter-class trophy both
terms were filled with an increasing number of events.
That professors should be "neither heard nor seen" seemed to
have been the opinion of the judges who refused to render a decision
on the student-faculty debate. The affirmative of the debate was
taken by the students, represented by William Paterson and G.
Eliott Bolton, while the negative was upheld by Miss E. D. Bowes
and Mr. J. W. Pickersgill.
Inter-class debating was of a high order, as many topics of vital
importance were discussed, commending goodly attendances and
[39]
much discussion from the floor. The Junior Division was won by
First Year, while victors in the Senior series were the doubty divines.
The final debate saw fearful frosh sunk in overwhelming defeat
before the onslaught of the menacing ministers, represented by A.
Murray Smith and another theolog. Gloria in excelsis.
The month of February witnessed the annual U. C. - Brandon
forensic exhibition, won in both cases by the travelling teams.
Messrs. Paterson and Irwin represented the college at home while
Misses McCulloch and Badger, the latter a popular parson, caught
the train to Brandon. Hearty congratulations are due all four.
Outstanding in achievement was the retention of the Dingwall
cup, symbolic of supremacy in the interfaculty debating series.
This cup having been won for some years in succession by United
Colleges "whose lads are great in loud debate" (apologies to W.K.)
had, for the past three years reposed undisturbed arid uncontested
in our halls. The revival of the series found the trophy secure upon
its pedestal, and it may be observed in the lower library upon re­quest,
U. C. having once more emerged triumphant against fearful
odds.
In the interfaculty and regular U. M. S. U. Debating Union
debates, United Colleges have been well represented, chiefly by a
large number of the rollicking reverends, prominent amongst whom
was A. Murray Smith. Half of the travelling debaters in the
McGoun Trophy series was made up of students from United Col­leges,
represented by A. Murray Smith.
Congratulations:
To the Rev. George Merwin Foster Marshall (a theolog)
Past President of the Debating Society and recipient
of a debating merit award.
To Norma Richmond Law, Lady Stick, for the securing of
a debating merit award. Miss Law participated in three
interfaculty debates and, although not a theolog, won
all three with the assistance of a theolog.
To Margaret Annette McCulloch, secretary of the Debating
Society and successful in securing a debating merit
award. Miss McCulloch was a member of the travelling
team to Brandon, in company with a theolog.
To William Paterson, who, although not a member of the
Theological Society, has been honored by Election to
the presidency of the U. C. D. S.
[40]
ToA. Murray Smith, President of Debating, and President­elect
of Theology, for his participation in the McGoun
Trophy debates. Mr. Smith also has been elected Vice­President
of the U. M. -S. U. Debating Union and Secre­tary
of the United Colleges Debating Society.
To the Matriculation and First Year Classes, for their series
of class debates.
All these things being considered, it cannot but be obvious that
the United Colleges Debating Society has had a successful year of
debating, and expectations are high for at least a partial continua­tion
of this success under the new regime.
Nunc dimittis.
A. MURRAY SMITH,
President.
[411
rr···_······ ················· ~.~.~_ _..· ···11
~ •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••, ••••••••••••• • VOX• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •1
To the student body of 1937-1938, the staff of Vox commends its
successors, and begs for them the support and encouragement of
all who read the magazine. They will need it for, as has been
pointed out on sb many previous occasions, the life of an editor is
not a happy one.
During the past year, however, there have been comparatively
few worries to make the staff prematurely grey. This was, perhaps,
due to the fact that lack of a secretary obviated the necessity for
minutes, the chief curse of staff meetings. In consequence the only
record of the work done this year will be the four issues which have
been presented to the student body. Needless to say, all were late,
but this has become a tradition with Vox.
Gratitude must be expressed not only to the staff, who have
been most loyal and, happy situation, frank in their criticism, but
also to the contributors. Though they have been badgered, bullied,
and on one occasion at least, publicly subjected to grevious insult,
all have done their part in creating Volume X. We thank them.
"VOX" EDITORIAL BOARD
Back Row-Earle Beattie, Reg. W. Bundy, Douglas Irwin, Austin M. Gamble.
Middle Row-Prof. A. R. M. Lower (Honorary President), Charles Mackenzie (Editor­in-
Chief), A. D. Longman (Alumni Editor).
Front Row-Margaret McCulloch, Helene Johnstone, Jean Lavender.
Missing-Robert J. Leighton, William A. McKay.
UNITED COLLEGES SOCIAL COMMITTEE UNITED COLLEGES Back Row-Gordon Barrable. Doris Martin, Alex. Cairns, Margaret Blair, Andy Eustace.
Elsie McIntosh, Clifford Hurst.
Front Row-Peggy J. Morrison, Lorne Elliot (President), Prof. Watson Kirkconnell
(Honorary President), Marion Earle (Vice-President), Avard Fryer (Secretary),
Kay Flett.
Missing-Bob Ross.
UNITED COLLEGES CO-ED EXECUTIVE
Back Row-Janet Storey, Helen Marsh, Joy Gooderidge, Margaret Gilchrist, Margaret
McCulloch.
Front Row-Margaret Riddell, Bea. Lawson (Vice-President), Norma Law (Lady Stick).
Mrs. L. F. S. Ritcey (Honorary President), Leonore Lytle (Secretary-Treasurer).
[r"'~'~~;'~~":~~"'~';~'~~~~~"~~'::;~~~~"~~~~~~""11
: ~
SOCIAL AND LITERARY COMMITTEE REPORT The Social and year of social activities completed. Consequently I will present the
social calendar of the completed year in review.
The new college session and the Freshmen were ushered in on
October 9th, 1936, with Wesley participating in the Monster Fresh­man
Reception, held at the Royal Alexandra Hotel. For this event
Wesley had one of the largest ball-rooms with Harold Greene's
Orchestra for its private dance till 10.30 p.m. The Annual Freshman
Promenade was a feature of this event. Wesley, after paying its
share of the deficit, had a small credit balance.
The Wesley Return Dance, under the disguise of the "Coppers'
Capers," was held this year on January 8th in the Crystal Ballroom
of the Royal Alexandra Hotel, with Harold Green supplying the
music. The event was prepared with the greatest economy possible,
for that type of dance, and although it was far from being a financial
success, reports are that it was a social success worthy of Wesley
College. Although it was a financial failure, I would not recommend
its discontinuance, but would rather urge that it be retained for
I would say that that money outlay benefited Wesley students far
more, proportionately, than the Annual Dinner and Dance, also
it is practically the only other event planned by the committee which
gives experience for planning the Grad's Farewell.
Stunt Night was held in Convocation Hall on February 13th
with the trophy going to Class '37, though not without very stiff
competition. This same stunt was entered in Varsity Varities and
acquitted itself creditably.
The Annual Skating Party was not held in Convocation Hall
this year as previously reported, but at the Wesley Rink and then
returning to Convocation Hall for refreshments, sing-song, scuffle,
and dance.
The Annual Grads' Farewell Dinner and Dance was held Fri­day,
March 19th, at the Royal Alexandra Hotel, with 510 sitting
down to dinner. Speeches were exceptionally good and those mem­bers
of this council who made certain of those speeches are certainly
to be highly congratulated on them. After the Dinner, Harold Green
and Stewie Chevrier supplied music in the Crystal Suite till the
next morning. With ,~his event the duties of the 1936-37 Social
[45]
Committee terminated. Since all the bills have not yet been received,
it is not possible to give a complete financial report, but I have
prepared a separate table which, I think, will indicate the financial
position of. the Social Committee. It will be noticed that contrary
to the Treasurer's statement in last Council meeting, that the Social
Committee is not hopelessly beyond its budget, but- rather $75 to
$100 below it. I might suggest in this connection that a committee
finds its work and worries greatly lightened if at the beginning of
the year it is not given a minimum budget, but rather one in which,
as was the case this year, it has the opportunity of being economical
itself.
I would recommend the retaining of all these events, but might
suggest that the three major events be distributed among the three
large hotels as was the custom several years ago. In this connection
it might be observed whether those we patronize advertise in our
publications. I would recommend that Council foster more of the
small social events held in the College, such as Skating Party, and
even the suggestion was made of a small New Year's Eve Party.
I further wish to praise the individual members of the Social
Committee to Council, for almost without exception, they have
worked unstintingly and energetically, and in this connection special
mention should be made of our Vice-President, Marian Earle, our
Secretary, Avard Fryer, and of the new Social President, Kay Flett,
who won unanimous approval when she was elected. To Kay and
her committee I wish a very successful season next year, and express
the hope that they may find as much enjoyment and pleasure in the
execution of their duties as the retiring committee has found.
In conclusion I wish to thank those members of the committee
and of the Council who so readily loaned their assistance towards
preparing a successful social season, and also to express appreciation
to the general student body for their participation in these events
prepared by the Social Committee.
Respectfully submitted,
LORNE J. C. ELLIOTT,
President, Social Committee, 1936-37.
II " ' Open all night
1VI00re s-- including Sunday
[46]
;.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• '11 ..
II COED ASSOCIATION II
;.................................................. COED ASSOCIATION .....................................................................................•
Coed activities during the past year have been characterized
by a spirit of enthusiastic co-operation and unity on the part of the
young women of Wesley College. We, of the 1936-37 executive, feel
that their interest has made this report possible.
Over a hundred freshettes and Grade XII coeds were welcomed
at a "Children's Party," held the beginning of the fall term. Rompers
and hair-ribbons, games and nursery rhymes contributed to the
hilarity of an occasion which completely shattered senior dignity
and freshman fright.
The annual Coed Banquet and Stunt Night was an outstanding
event of October. Second term saw preparations for a "Tulip Tea,"
given in aid of the Alumnae Bursary Fund. The women's organiza­tions,
affiliated with this faculty, cooperated splendidly with us, and
the coeds of every year were eager in their acceptance of invitation
responsibility. As a result the success of this function exceeded our
highest expectations.
. There have been others and less conspicuous events in the coed
calendar, but perhaps these few highlights will suffice in what pur­poses
to be but a brief review of a busy year.
We have participated actively in the program of the U. M. S. U.
Women's Association-the sponsoring system, the Fall Hike, the
Coeds' Ball from which Wesley girls carried off the Chorus Trophy,
the Coed Debate, the "Manitoban" with the headline, and the an­nual
banquet. To all these events we have given our whole-headed
support and have in return received those benefits of mutual under­standing
and friendship which result from interfaculty co-opera­tion.
To a loyal and energetic executive, this year's Lady Stick wishes
to express sincere appreciation. The Social Committee, too, deserves
particular recognition for its untiring efforts throughout the whole
year-Jessie Blackwood (convenor), Marion Earle, Norma Dow,
Helen Thompson, and Peggy Donnelly.
To Janet Storey and her executive, who entertained so capably
in honor of the graduates last March, we extend our best wishes for
success in 1937-38.
NORMA LAW,
Lady Stick.
[47]
r"~'~::'~'~'~"~';"~~~:~"~'~~'~"~~~';~;';;'~~'~'~'~';~'~';;""'l
L J
SUMMARY OF MEN'S CLUB ACTIVITIES, 1936-37 The Men's Colleges) came into being in 1936, under the able leadership of
George Thurston. Previously, because of the three distinct divisions
of Arts, Theology, and Collegiate, the men of the College were
necessarily separated from easily contacting members of each of the
divisions. The Men's Club is the link which can join the men of
these separate departments into one body.
During the last year the Men's Club was not as well publicized
among the student body as it might have been. We sincerely hope,
however, that a foundation was laid which will allow for a strong
organization to be built in the life of the College.
At the beginning of the year a Freshman's hike was held, which
proved quite helpful for those present. Many of the chaps got to
know men in their year whom they had not known previously and
they heard some excellent advice proferred to them by some of the
professors. In second term we held a Men's Banquet in the lower
library and all members present seemed to enjoy themselves. We
hope that following the precedent of the last two years a Men's
banquet will become an annual get-together of all the men of the
student body for an evening's entertainment.
In closing this brief summary, I want to extend best wishes to
the new 1937-1938 Men's Club executive. We know that the club
will grow into a strong organization to foster friendship and co­operation
among the men and through them to bring strength and
support to the interests of the College as a whole.
H. ANDREW LAWRENCE, '37,
President.
For a Superior Haircut
BOULEVARD
BARBER SHOP
477 PORTAGE AVE.
(Just west of Colony St.)
FIRST CLASS BARBERS
Pictures, Frames and
Calendars
lir4aritauu iru!l.
~aUtrit!l
Phone 37496
[48]
332 MAIN ST. PHONE 96851
............, , ..
II Review of Awards Committee, 1936-1937 I
......................................................................................................................................~..
At the close of the College year, awards were presented to
deserving students for work in the various extra curricular activi­,
ties of the College for executive ability, for achievements in ath­letics,
dramatics and debating.
The following is the list of the awards presented:
7 Athletic Merit Awards and Scrolls.
7 Executive Merit Awards and Scrolls.
3 Debating Awards.
3 Dramatic Awards.
40 Junior and Senior Athletic Certificates.
34 Junior and Senior Athletic Letters.
5 Bowling Prizes.
4 Curling Prizes.
2 Crests for Inter-Class Track Meet.
1 Tennis Cup.
1 Golf Cup.
In all quite an imposing list of awards for College activities, to
say nothing of the awards won by various students and teams in
interfaculty debating and athletics.
May the student body of United Colleges continue to do as well
in its extra-curricular activities and at the same time maintain the
high standard achieved by the students in the regular curricular
work.
H. ANDREW LAWRENCE, '37,
Chairman.
KENNEDY BROS. :Butchers
CHOICE MEATS, FISH, POULTRY
·.<)11-------------'..
SAUSAGE OUR SPECIALTY
..~--_._---------,(>..
569 Ellice Avenue
[49J
Phone 33213
FACE READING IN THE LIBRARY
By C.'
WE have been reading that little book on face reading. You know
-how to tell a man or a woman, by their facial characteristics
and the way they do things. So we thought we'd try it in the library
with our fellow beings as subjects-or objects.
We scan the faces for something interesting to start on. Most of
them must be two-faced, we decided, and they are wearing the face
we couldn't read even if we were more experienced. The ones who
aren't chewing gum or talking in an audible whisper are buried in
"Manitobans." And the book dealt with faces in repose and nothing
was said about those in motion. There seemed to be only the latter
kind on hand.
One conclusion was easily drawn. Tuesdays and Fridays are
poor days to study faces in the library. You can't observe much
through a "Manitoban."
But suddenly our attention is held by a young man in the
corner. Alone he sits-alone-and no "Manitoban," no chewing
gum, nothing ,but quietness and peace. His body is carefully re­laxed
in the approved manner. And on his face there is a look of
deepest concentration. Surely it must be Shakespeare or Aristotle
who brought that look into his face. We made a mental note to look
him up for scholarships. Truly life for him was real and earnest.
We HAD to find out what he read, and so we sauntered past his
chair-carefully, softly, so as not to disturb his mood. But he was in
a trance too deep to hear our size twelve with the good-as-new
squeak. Over his shoulder we read "Western Story," for the current
week.
Weare disillusioned. So we concentrate on the filial affection
displayed on all sides of us. Most of them must be German-for
"Oh, Mutter, Mutter," sounds from every corner. And the heart of
us grows bitter within us.
There is the student who can't study unless he's alone, and
there is the one who needs a member of the opposite sex to excite
his mentality. There is the one who makes notes in his book and
the one who draws faces on the table. There is the one who talks,
the one who uses pantomime, the one who day-dreams and the
dozens who giggle. It's a queer place, but the queerest fact of all is
the fact that the student who often can remember nothing but the
color of the book he signed out and the one who wanders around
with his notes on one table, his books on another while he aimlessly
wanders around often gets the best results. A funny business-«
absorbing knowledge.
[50]
UNITED COLLEGES TRACK TEAM
Back Row-Hugh McFadden. Norm. McEwan. Harold Lacey. Carl Olafson. Bill Davis.
. Warren Carlton. Lawrence Neil.
Middle Ro'W-Harry Fainstein, Norma Verner. Marcia Voorheis. Cleve Gerry. Gladys
Pollard. Jean Thompson. Max Kantorovich, Jack Barker Max Kantorovieh, Jack Barker.
Front Row~Helen Marsh. Leonore Lytle.
Missing-Ernie McEwan. Ted Cohen. Breta Powles.
UNITED COLLEGES JUNIOR SOCCER
Back Row-Ted Sangster. Morten Parker. Jim Mitchell. Bert Ruccius, George Reynolds Bert Ruecius, Charles McBride. Andy Eustace.
Front Row-Howard Woodsworth. Marino Anderson. Bill McTavish, Paul Long, Wilf. Book Book.
UNITED COLLEGES JUNIOR HOCKEY
Back Row-Harold Cousens, Bill Dyke, Charles McBride, Ron. Musgrove, Avard Fryer.
Middle Row-Owen Weightman, Tom Millar, Harold Lacey, Charlie Lorimer.
Missing-Lee Carroll, Marino Anderson.
UNITED COLLEGES JUNIOR A BASKETBALL
Jim Mitchell, Ray Mark, Ed Galovan, Charles Lorimer, Bob Moyse, Stan Scott, Alex.
Cairns. Missing-Graham Pincock.
UNITED COLLEGES SENIOR SOCCER
Back Row-Ray Mark, Ian Sinclair, Bill Davis, John McWilliams, Lawrence Neil.
Middle Row-Alex. Cairns, Cleve Gerry, Charlie Lorimer, Norman McEwan.
Front Row-Phil Jones, Harry Fainstein.
Missing-Tom Saunders, Ernie McEwan.
UNITED COLLEGES RUGBY TEAM
Back Row-Dave Serebrin, Dick Mahoney, Bill McKay, Jim Mitchell, Warren Carleton,
Jack Ross, Ross McDiarmid. '
Middle Row-Charles MacDonald, Norman Christie, Bob Moyse, Harold Cousens, Cliff
Comrie, Avard Fryer.
Front Row-Cleve Gerry. Bill Anderson, Jim Passalis (Coach). Norm. White. Ken
MacKenzie.
Missing-Don Hagel, Gordon Thomas, Alfred Pratt, Gordon Lucas, Robert J. Leighton.
Bruce Hunter, Ab. Riley.
UNITED COLLEGES CO-ED JUNIOR I BASKETBALL
Ona Thompson, Leonore Lytle, Helen Marsh, Ruth Guinn, Isobel Grierson, Margaret
Riddell, Dorothy Shumway. Missing-Alexa Swan.
UNITED COLLEGES CURLING
Standing-Norman Christie, Ross McDiarmid, Avard Fryer, Tom Henderson, Ken Mac­Kenzie,
Royden Lee, Bill Dodd, Ross Homer, Rod Hunter, Bill McTavish, Harold
Couzens, Jack Barker.
Sitting-Marion Earle, Joan Dey, Helen Marsh, Jean Babb.
UNITED COLLEGES CO-ED HOCKEY
Ona Thompson, Helen Marsh, Elaine Wardrop, Gladys Pollard, Cleve Gerry
A Complete Service
•
ARTISTS
PHOTO-ENGRAVERS
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ELECTROTYPERS
STEREOTYPERS
WAX-ENGRAVERS
• Special Department to handle and advise in
the compiling of Collegiate Periodicals­Year
Books-Programmes, Etc.
•
Telephone 23 850 - 9
290 VAUGHAN ST. WINNIPEG
JOHN McWILLIAMS MURRAY SMITH DOUGLAS FRASER MOLLY ROGERS LORNE ELLIOTT
President Athletics President Debating Secretary of Council President Dramatics Pres. Social and Lit.
A. GRANT SMITH REG. W. BUNDY
Brown and Gold Rep. Manitoba Rep.
JANET STOREY JESSIE BLACKWOOD MARGARET RIDDELL BEATRICE LAWSON
Jun. Rep. Women's Ass'n Sen. Rep. Co-eds Ass'n Jun. Rep. Co-eds Ass'n Vice-Pres. Co-eds
CHARLES MACKENZIE ROD O. HUNTER NORMA R. LAW ALISTER McDIARMID
Editor of Vox Senior Stick Lady Stick Vice-Pres. Collegiate
AUSTIN M. GAMBLE G. ELLIOTT BOLTON WM. PATERSON JIM HUMPHRIES
Treasurer Sen. U.M.S.U. Rep. Jun. U.M.S.U. Rep. Pres. Collegiate
TOM SAUNDERS ANDREW LAWRENCE MR. L. F. S. RITCEY WM. LAWSON JOHN MCNABB
President Theology Pres. Fourth Year Faculty Rep. Pres. Third Year Pres. First Year
STUDENT COUNCIL
[56]
Ir······_···········..···········~·~·~·~·~·~·~·····~·~·~··~ ..~··;·~························ ..····1
;.••••••••••••••••••• r ••••••••••••••••••••••••• STUDENT COUNCIL •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.;
The economy virus, now so prevalent amongst executive organ­Izations,
apparently attacked the 1936-37 Council, with emaciating
results for the budget. Council recovered, however, and its con­valescence
was hastened by the discovery, that, thanks to its self­denial,
it had somewhat more funds than usual to distribute to vari­ous
"worthy causes" for permanent improvements to the College.
Although it economized in financial fields, Council preserved intact
that foundation of democracy, the right of free speech. The student
body may rest assured that each point of action was healthily sunned
and aired before being decided upon. Rod Hunter, Senior Stick,
was able to keep councillors from each other's throats, and greatly
reduced the number of casualties attributable to elastic bands. All
councillors were more or less alert even at 1 a.m., and nobody stood
to their posts throughout the constitutional quibblings and oratorical
circumlocutions of our home-grown Solon and Solomon. Council
was reduced, though not to tears, by the abolition of the position of
"Manitoban" representative. The new policy of the "Brown and
Gold" was frowned upon with full senatorial dignity, but seems to
have survived. Final Council meetings seem to be a most popular
institution: it is suggested that in future they be made more frequent.
D. M. FRASER,
Secretary.
]I ~ , Open all night
IV100re S -- including Sunday
[57]
rr·······························..·~·;·~··~·;·~··;·· ..;·~····~:·~·;··~·········· ...·····················il
!"•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• STORIES IN MUSIC •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••!
PROGRAMME music, describing something or other, is much in
vogue with modern composers. Take a locomotive, for instance;
can that be described by an orchestra? Yes, it has been done by
Honegger in his extraordinary tone poem, "Pacific 231." The noisy,
puffing engine has not been described to perfection-but why not
go down to the railway station and hear it, instead of listening to it
at a symphony concert? It shows, however, how clever our modern
composers are in the way of producing noise instead of music.
The composers of today have a vast store of musical materials
from which to select their means of expression. In the first place
they have all the conventional formulae which were invented by
the fathers of the art. But, in addition to these, they have the
enormous sweep and variety of modern harmony and the georgeous
tonal palette of the modern orchestra.
Haydn and Mozart found it possible to say all that they had to
say with two flutes, two oboes, two bassoons, two horns, two trum­pets,
tympani, and the usual distribution of stringed instruments
played with bows. In their later works they introduced clarinets.
The symphonic composer of today equips himself with a piccolo,
three flutes, two oboes, an English horn, four clarinets, a bass clari­net,
a double-bass clarinet, three bassoons, a contra-bassoon, eight
horns, two tubas, kettle drums, snare-drums, triangle, bells, gongs,
six harps, and many stringed instruments. Sometimes even these
are insufficient, and the composer introduces instruments not rec­ognized
as musical at all. Richard Strauss, for example, has bor­rowed
the wind machine of the theatre to realize a storm in his
tone-poem "Don Quixote." With such means of experimentation
it is not at all astonishing that the composers of today produce wierd
and wonderful results.
If we turn back about two hundred and fifty years, what do we
find? Johann Kuhnau (1660-1722) had a use for program music. His
"Bible Sonatas" are curious and interesting. In these six composi­tions
for the clavier (the piano of his day) he tries to describe such
events as the battle of David and Goliath, the dissipation of Saul's
melancholy by the power of music, the marriage of Jacob, etc.' He
wrote an interesting preface to his music, explaining his aims and
defending this type of composition. He tells us of a remarkable
[58]
piece of program music by one of his predecessors. This composi­tion
was entitled "La Medica" and described the sufferings of a sick
man,· the attentions of the physician, and the progress of the ill­ness.
At the end came a gigue marked in the score with "The
patient is progressing favorably, but not quite recovered his health."
And this failure to reach complete recovery was indicated by a
persistent postponement of a carefully prepared modulation in
harmony!
Kuhnau proceeded logically. He admitted that only the broad
emotions could be published by music, and that a textual explana­tion
was necessary when anything else was attempted.
The calm confidence with which Kuhnau embarked upon the
task of describing the conflict between David and Goliath is de­lightful.
This terrible struggle is written for the clavier, a very
tinkly and light instrument as compared with our piano.. For the
same purpose Richard Strauss would need an orchestra of not less
than one hundred and twenty-five men.
The great Bach was guilty of one attempt at programme music
in his "Capriccio On the Departure of My Dearly Beloved Brother."
In this he depicts the arguments of friends trying to persuade him
to give up the journey, the dangers of the journey, laments of com­panions
saying adieu, and winds up with a cheerful figure on the
posthorn call. At about the same time Couperin composed a set of
pieces called "The Pilgrims," and Rameau was writing "La Poule"
and "The Cyclops." These last two composers tried to describe
almost everything in music. Many of their compositions are to be
had in the University Library. "Les Clavecinistes francais" and a
volume of Rameau contain many beautiful works.
These old writers of programme music formulated no theories,
wrote naturally, not forcedly, as do the greater number of the mod­ern
writers. Ernest Newman, the great English critic and champion
of modernism in music, asks, "Who would believe that a windmill
. could be represented in music? Yet-Strauss' windmill in 'Don
Quixote' is really extraordinarily clever and satisfying."
The same "Don Quixote" is the most clever and complicated
piece of musical realism invented in these times. And yet, all this
has been attempted before. For example, Don Quixote, seeing an
empty boat, is sure that it has been sent by magic for his benefit.
Once he and Sancho are afloat, the knight's theme becomes a barca­rolle.
The boat capsizes and the two swim ashore. Froberger, who
died in 1667,wrote for the clavier a description of Count von Hum's
passage on the Rhine, in which all the dangers encountered by him
[59]
are described in twenty-six little tone-pictures. And the Count's
boat upsets, too!
In his "Symphonia Domestica," Strauss went still further into
musical realism. He told the story of a day in his family life, using
three principal themes, representing Papa, Mama, and the Baby. In
this remarkable tone poem one even hears the baby spanked! But
hadn't Kuhnau described the striking of Goliath's head by the stone
from David's sling?
The weakness of programme music is that it means little with­out
its story. In short, many people can write programme music that
is worth while, but it takes a genius to write pure music that is
worth while.
[601
r·.······:·······_······:~::~;····:~~:·~·:~·~~~···········_····:·· .··"[1
~••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ALUMNI ALUMNAEQUE •••••••••••••••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •••••••••••••• In-the special Historical Number of Vox, published in January,
the names of former editors were listed. Among these was that of
Earl P. Scarlett, '16, now a prominent Calgary physician. Dr. Scar­lett's
interest and skill as an essayist have not been allowed to lie
idle because of the pressure of preoccupations of professional duties.
He has submitted many articles to the Canadian Medical Association
Journal. A number of these, forming a series, have recently been
published under the title, "Medicine and Poetry."
The editor of volume 16, Rev. George Dorey, '12, of Regina, has
recently been appointed by the United Church of Canada as secre­tary
of Home Missions.
* * * *
The marriage of Dr. George M. Furnival, '29, and Marion Mar­guerite
Fraser of St. Thomas, North Dakota, was solemnized in St.
Luke's church on March 8, Canon Bertal Heeney officiating. The
bridegroom was attended by his brother, W. Evans R. Furnival, '29.
Dr. and Mrs. Furnival will reside at Lochalsh, Ont., where Dr.
Furnival is employed by The O'Brien Mining Company. A
* * * *
The births of the following sons of graduates have been reported
to Vox since the publication of the last issue:
To Mr. L. G. Bishop and Mrs. Bishop (Mary Davidson, '28), in
London, England, in June last-Nigel James.
To. Mr. B. Harold Stinson, '31, and Mrs. Stinson, in Wawanesa,
on October 19, 1936-David James Harold.
To. Mr. Bruce J. McKitrick, '29, and Mrs. McKitrick, at the
Winnipeg General Hospital, on December 11, 1936-Allan George.
To. Rev. R. J. Love, '30, and Mrs. Love, at Port Simpson, B.C.,
on March 4, 1937-Robert Davidson.
To Rev. George A. McMillan, Theo. '34, and Mrs. McMillan, of
Miniota, Man., at the Winnipeg General Hospital, on March 21­Donald
Gordon.
* * * *
Ernest T. Leech, K.C., '01, on February 18, was re-elected
chairman of the Industrial Development Board of Manitoba.
[61]
J. K. Sparling, K.C., '93, upon retiring from active scouting
after nearly twenty years in active association with the Boy Scouts,
was awarded the Silver Acorn, the second highest award in scouting.
* * * *
On March 21, after a very short illness, occurred the death of
Mr. Arthur E. Hearn, '98, principal of Aberdeen School since 1903.
Mr. Hearn, a graduate of Manitoba College, was an outstanding
leader in the educational development of this province and in the
community life of Winnipeg for nearly forty years. His son, Gordon
Hearn, graduated from Wesley College in 1934.
* * *
A special honor has just come to a member of Class '34 in the
person of Austin L. Wells who was recently received as Doctor of
the University of Paris. His thesis concerned the Bronte sisters,
particularly the European interest and influence in their work. In
the preface to his published work, copies of which have arrived in
Winnipeg, he expresses his gratitude to several of his professors,
naming Professor Jean-Marie Carre, of the Sorbonne; Paul de Reul,
of the University of Brussels, and Victor Leathers and Arthur L.
Phelps, of Wesley College in the University of Manitoba. Dr. Wells
and his wife are returning to Canada in May.
VISIT ...
:J3rathwaite S
FOUNTAIN,
TEA ROOM
PORTAGE AT VAUGHAN
Two blocks east of the College
BANK
AT
THE ROYAL BANK OF
CANADA
PORTAGE and GOOD BRANCH
WINNIPEG
II ff ' Open all night
lVlOOre S-- including Sunday
[62]
An Interesting
Fact
Grace Moore's Secretary was a student of
the Dominion Business College, Winnipeg,
just two years ago!
"Not failure, but low aim is crime."
DOMINION
BUSINESS COLLEGE
THE MALL
ELMWOOD ST. JAMES ST. JOHN'S
A going away present of a
fine Watch, Ring _or Brooch
purchased from Feldsted's will
always be cherished. Come in
and see our complete line of
Quality Jewellery.
:J3on CVoyage • • •
Quality Jewellers Enjoying the Confidence of those who know.
447 PORTAGE AVE., Opp. the "Bay" PHONE 26224
Scott- Bathgate
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McCormick's Biscuits and
Confectionery
Nutty Club Salted Peanuts
THINK. !
You actually save
from 1Il5 to 1Il10
BUY FROM
FRANK McCOMB
Suits Tailored to
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$18 to $25
FRANK McCOMB
Formerly Scanlan & McComb
403 PORTAGE AVENUE
Compliments
of , ..
wqr
lIalliugfnrb
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• Phone
213611
/Recapture 79hat fJ{appy
event .
Whether it be Wedding, Gradu­ation
or Anniversary, a fine
Photograph will keep it forever
fresh in your memory.
GAUVIN, GENTZEL CO.
Photo81'aphel's :: CA.l'tists
PHONE 24487 515 AVENUE BUILDING
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A Summer Holiday
TOUR of EUROPE!
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dancing, talkies, parties, splendid
meals, all in a -friendly atmosphere.
ASK ABOUT INEXPENSIVE STUDENT TOURS
Secure literature. maps and further information from your local
travel agent. or W. C. CASEY, Steamship General Passenger
Agent. C.P.R. Bldg., Winnipeg. Phones 92458 -7.
The EATON
Portrait Studio
- features good quality portraits at popular prices. Among
the attractive offers are-
Offer No.1
Six Portraits, ,lize 4 by
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Portrait Studlo, Seventh Floor, Portage
"BUSINESS EDUCATION"
University students may combine business education with
their academic studies by taking. "Success" instruction
during spare class periods.
We admit into our Day Classes only students of
Grade XI (supplements accepted) and higher standing.
MONTHLY ENROLLMENT PLAN
Full-day attendance-Cost $15.00
Half-day attendance-Cost $1.0.00
Quarter-day attendance-Cost $5.00
Evening School attendance--Cost $5.00
Select from the Followina:
Shorthand, Typewriting, Accounting, Business Corre­spondence,
Commercial Law, Penmanship, Arithmetic,
Spelling, Economics, Business Organization, Money and
Banking, Secretarial Science, Library Science, Comp­tometer,
Personality Development, Salesmanship.
Call for an Interview,. Write U. or Phone 25843
•
BUSINESS COLLEGE
Pol1ap Ave. at Edmonton St. WINNIPEG
(Bm ktlO1Dn for ttl Thorough ltutTUcticm)